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. 2014 Jan 28;306(7):E756–E768. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00549.2013

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Adipose sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1)/sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) expression increases with obesity. A: SK1 mRNA in control and 24-h palmitate-treated (1 mM) adipocytes. Adipocytes were differentiated from stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissues from C57BL/6J WT mice, as described (50). For A, n = 6 ± SD. **P < 0.01 for control vs. palmitate treated. SK1 mRNA in epididymal adipose tissue (EAT; B) and adipocytes (C) of C57BL/6J mice on high- (HFD) and low-fat diets (LFD). Eight-week-old male mice were fed either a HFD (60% fat; Research Diets, New Brunswick, NJ) or an isocaloric control LFD (10% fat) for 16 wk. S1P (pmol/mg tissue protein) in EAT (D) and adipocytes (E) of C57BL/6J mice on HFD and LFD. F: plasma S1P (pmol/100 μl) in LFD- and HFD-fed mice. For B–F, n = 10 ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 for LFD vs. HFD. BD, below detection threshold. G: SK1 mRNA in adipose tissues of obese nondiabetics (ND) compared with type 2 diabetics (T2D); n = 6–10 ± SD. **P < 0.01 ND vs. T2D. Clinical characteristics of research subjects are given in Table 1.