Table 1.
Characteristic | Self-managed pain†
|
Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes: 471 (97.5%) | No: 12 (2.5%) | |||
Age | ||||
| ||||
>Median | 236 (48.9) | 5 (1.0) | 1.41 (0.44–4.49) | 0.565 |
≤Median | 235 (48.7) | 7 (1.5) | ||
| ||||
Gender | ||||
| ||||
Male | 312 (65.6) | 11 (2.3) | 0.18 (0.02–1.39) | 0.100 |
Female | 159 (32.9) | 1 (0.2) | ||
| ||||
Homelessness† | ||||
| ||||
Yes | 423 (87.6) | 8 (1.7) | 4.41 (1.28–15.2) | 0.019 |
No | 48 (9.9) | 4 (0.8) | ||
| ||||
Unstable housing‡ | ||||
| ||||
Yes | 281 (60.8) | 4 (0.9) | 2.89 (0.83–10.0) | 0.094 |
No | 170 (36.8) | 7 (1.5) | ||
| ||||
DTES residence‡ | ||||
| ||||
Yes | 284 (58.8) | 4 (0.8) | 3.04 (0.90–10.2) | 0.073 |
No | 187 (38.7) | 8 (1.7) | ||
| ||||
Education status§ | ||||
| ||||
≥High school | 241 (51.4) | 7 (1.5) | 0.80 (0.25–2.55) | 0.702 |
<High school | 216 (46.1) | 5 (1.1) | ||
| ||||
HIV status | ||||
| ||||
Positive | 221 (45.8) | 3 (0.6) | 2.65 (0.71–9.92) | 0.147 |
Negative | 250 (51.8) | 9 (1.9) | ||
| ||||
Sex work† | ||||
| ||||
Yes | 257 (53.2) | 8 (1.7) | 0.60 (0.18–2.02) | 0.410 |
No | 214 (44.3) | 4 (0.8) | ||
| ||||
Incarceration‡§ | ||||
| ||||
Yes | 23 (4.8) | 1 (0.2) | 0.57 (0.07–4.57) | 0.593 |
No | 447 (92.7) | 11 (2.3) | ||
| ||||
Physical disabilities‡ | ||||
| ||||
Yes | 307 (63.6) | 5 (1.0) | 2.62 (0.82–8.39) | 0.105 |
No | 164 (34.0) | 7 (1.5) | ||
| ||||
Refused pain medication† | ||||
| ||||
Yes | 294 (60.9) | 2 (0.4) | 8.31 (1.80–38.3) | 0.007 |
No | 177 (36.7) | 10 (2.1) |
Ever.
Within the last 6 months (at time of interview).
Indicates missing responses as follows: education status (14 missing responses); incarceration (one missing response).
DTES: Downtown Eastside.