Table 1.

Overweight, obesity, and related early life determinants from diverse ethnic groups in North America

Factor	White Caucasian	South Asian	African Origin	East Asian	Indigenous
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI >30 kg/m2 (obese)	14.9 % [12]	U/A	26.1 % [12]	Asian/PI: 8.8 % [12]	27.7 % [13]
Gestational weight gain exceeded IOM recommendations	47.3 % [12]	U/A	52.1 % [12]	Asian/PI: 40 % [12]	52 % [14]
Prevalence of GDM	3.4 % [12]	Canada: 10 % [15]	3.4 % [12]	Asian/PI: 9 % [12]	8.1 % to 11.7 % [16–18]
Prevalence of maternal smoking	18.5 % [19]	U/A	10.1 % [19]	Asian/PI: 5.4 % [19]	Alaska Native: 36.3 %
					American Indians: 20.6 % [19]
Birth weight (@40 weeks)	Canada: 3030 g [10]	Canada: 2863 g [10]	Canada: 2900 g [10]	Canada: 2920 g [10]	Male: 4030 g [10]
	US: 3326 g [12]		US: 3120 g [12]	US, Asian/PI: 3252 g [12]	Female: 3900 g [16]
Breastfeeding @ 6 months	US: 47 % [20]	Canada, Asian: 30.2 % [21]	US: 30 % [20]	Canada, Asian: 30.2 % [21]	Canada 16.6 % [21]
	Canada: 25.8 % [21]		Canada: 27 % [21]
%Overweight/obese (>85th percentile) during childhood	27.9 % [4]	Asian: 12.5 % [22]	39.1 % [4]	Asian: 12.5 % [22]	US: 48.7 % [23]

U/A unavailable