TABLE 4.

Immune Status Improvement at 12 Months (N = 1687)

	Immune Status Improvement
	n	Improved n (%), n = 1526	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)a
Country
Swaziland	484	452 (93.4%)	Reference	Reference
Malawi	555	496 (89.4%)	0.60 (0.38–0.93)	0.61 (0.38–0.96)
Lesotho	648	578 (89.2%)	0.59 (0.38–0.90)	0.59 (0.38–0.92)
Gender
Male	882	800 (90.7%)	Reference
Female	799	720 (90.1%)	0.93 (0.68–1.29)
Missing	6	6 (100.0%)
Age
<6 mo	66	52 (78.8%)	0.36 (0.19–0.68)	0.34 (0.17–0.65)
6 to <12 mo	193	165 (85.5%)	0.58 (0.36–0.91)	0.58 (0.37–0.93)
12 to <36 mo	505	468 (92.7%)	1.23 (0.82–1.85)	1.26 (0.83–1.89)
≥36 mo	923	841 (91.1%)	Reference	Reference
PMTCT
No PMTCT	1086	995 (91.6%)	Reference
PMTCT	209	182 (87.1%)	0.62 (0.39–0.97)
Missing	392	349 (89.0%)
WHO stage
I	227	210 (92.5%)	Reference	Reference
II	282	257 (91.1%)	0.83 (0.44–1.58)	0.59 (0.30–1.15)
III	872	791 (90.7%)	0.79 (0.46–1.36)	0.62 (0.35–1.10)
IV	306	268 (87.6%)	0.57 (0.31–1.04)	0.46 (0.25–0.85)
Nutritional status at ART initiation
Normal	1076	981 (91.2%)	Reference
Mild malnutrition	260	236 (90.8%)	0.95 (0.60–1.52)
Moderate malnutrition	210	187 (89.0%)	0.79 (0.49–1.27)
Severe malnutrition	97	88 (90.7%)	0.95 (0.46–1.94)
Missing	44	34 (77.3%)

OR, odds ratio.

^aAdjusted for country, age, and WHO stage. Patients who died in the first 12 mo on ART excluded.