Table 1.

Effects of polymorphisms in YWHAE on neurocognitive testing

	HIV-seronegative		p	HIV-seropositive		p
	rs4790084(rs1204828)			rs4790084(rs1204828)
	G/G(C/C)	A/G_A(T/C_T)		G/G(C/C)	A/G_A(T/C_T)
N	5	11		10	10
Age	37.2 ± 4.1	43.3 ± 2.8	0.14	42.8 ± 2.6	41.5 ± 4.1	0.58
Education (years)	13.2 ± 0.6	13.6 ± 0.8	0.56	13.0 ± 1.0	12.8 ± 0.3	0.74
Cognitive Status
Normal				70%	10%	0.006
Impaired				30%	90%
HIV RNA viral load
log10 copies/ml
CSF (n)				2.0 ± 0.2 (8)	1.7 ± 0.02 (10)	0.28
Plasma (n)				2.8 ± 0.3 (10)	1.8 ± 0.03 (10)	0.03
CD4 (cells/mm3)				595 ± 101	781 ± 126	0.31
CD4 nadir (cells/mm3)				354 ± 81	562 ± 118	0.21
Treatment
Naïve (n)				20% (2)	28.6% (2)
% ART (n)				0% (0)	14.3% (1)
% HAART (n)				80% (8)	57.1% (6)
CPE (n)				9.6 ± 0.8 (8)	7.0 ± 1.4 (8)	0.32
YWHAE in CSF1				16.8± 4.0 (9)	5.5 ± 0.9 (8)	0.02
pan-14-3-3 in CSF1				15.1 ± 3.6 (9)	11.3 ± 2.9 (7)	0.45
BDI	8.8 ± 4.5	7.1 ± 2.6	0.70	6.3 ± 1.4	12.9 ± 4.2	0.08
I. NPZ2	0.3 ± 0.2	0.3 ± 0.1	0.42	0.4 ± 0.2	− 0.1 ± 0.1	0.02
II. Neuropsychological domains/subtests
1. Frontal Executive2	0.3 ± 0.5	0.1 ± 0.3	0.07	0.3 ± 0.2	−0.1 ± 0.3	0.02
2. Psychomotor Speed2	0.3 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.2	0.95	0.1 ± 0.2	−0.3 ± 0.2	0.20
3. Verbal Memory2	0.1 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.2	0.87	0.6 ± 0.2	0.3 ± 0.2	0.64
4. Motor Speed2	0.4 ± 0.2	0.6 ± 0.2	0.87	0.7 ± 0.4	−0.3 ± 0.3	0.08

Mean ± SEM, Mann-Whitney U-test, significant difference p<0.05 in bold

²z-scores

³Mean optical density of western blot expression

CSF = cerebral spinal fluid

RNA = ribonucleic acid

CPE = Central nervous system penetration index

NPZ = Overall neurological performance z-score

BDI = Beck Depression Inventory