The kcat/Km ratios (specificity constants) were determined from the enzyme concentration and first-order rate constants for the metabolic reactions described in Figure 1, except for Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 phosphorylation. The data for intracellular concentrations were taken from various sources. Several publications have put the cellular concentration of PP-InsP5 in the 1–5 μM range (see [4] for a summary); a mid-range value of 2 μM is given in this Table. The values for the concentrations of Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 and InsP6 [48] are at the high end of a range of estimates [49]. MDD–HPLC analysis indicates that 1/3-PP-InsP5 must be <10 % of the cellular concentration of 5-PP-InsP5 [5,11].