Table 2.
Association of PM and metals with blood NOS3 and EDN1 methylation.
| NOS3 | EDN1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||
| Exposures | β c | (95% CI) | β c | (95% CI) |
| Unadjusted regression | ||||
| PM10 | −0.2 | (−0.34 −0.03) | −0.02 | (−0.1; 0.1) |
| PM1 | −0.7 | (−1.3; −0.1) | 0.1 | (−0.3; 0.60) |
| Aluminium | −0.08 | (−0.2; 0.08) | −0.05 | (−0.2; 0.07) |
| Manganese | −0.03 | (−0.2; 0.1) | −0.03 | (−0.1; 0.08) |
| Nickel | −0.1 | (−0.8; 0.5) | −0.2 | (−0.7; 0.3) |
| Zinc | −0.8 | (−1.4; −0.3) | −0.3 | (−0.7; −0.1) |
| Arsenic | 0.1 | (−0.6; 0.9) | −0.3 | (−0.9; 0.2) |
| Lead | −0.1 | (−0.4; 0.1) | −0.07 | (−0.2; 0.1) |
| Iron | −0.6 | (−1.3; 0.07) | −0.2 | (−0.7; 0.3) |
| Chromium | −0.1 | (−0.4; 0.1) | −0.03 | (−0.2; 0.2) |
| Multivariable regression b | ||||
| PM10 | −0.2 | (−0.4; −0.03) | 0.02 | (−0.1; 0.1) |
| PM1 | −0.8 | (−1.4; −0.1) | 0.3 | (−0.2; 0.7) |
| Aluminium | −0.08 | (−0.2; 0.1) | −0.03 | (−0.2; 0.09) |
| Manganese | −0.05 | (−0.2; 0.1) | 0.02 | (−0.1; 0.1) |
| Nickel | −0.2 | (−0.8; 0.5) | −0.1 | (−0.6; 0.3) |
| Zinc | −0.9 | (−1.4; −0.3) | −0.3 | (−0.8; −0.1) |
| Arsenic | 0.02 | (−0.7; 0.8) | −0.3 | (−0.8; 0.3) |
| Lead | −0.2 | (−0.4; 0.1) | 0.00 | (−0.2; 0.2) |
| Iron | −0.7 | (−1.4; −0.01) | −0.2 | (−0.7; 0.3) |
| Chromium | −0.1 | (−0.4; 0.1) | 0.03 | (−0.2; 0.2) |
To estimate long-term effects of PM mass and PM metal component, the level of estimated individual exposure to PM mass and PM metal component, taken as a measure of usual exposure to particles, was examined in relation to all the measures of DNA methylation performed in the study, regardless of whether they were measured on samples taken on the first day of work (i.e., after 2 days off) or after 3 consecutive days of exposure to PM mass and PM metal component in the plant. In the models, the two samples collected at different times are exchangeable, thus assuming that PM mass and PM metal component effects operating over an extended time frame produced similar modifications at the two time points.
Multivariable mixed models adjusted for age, BMI, current smoking status (yes/no), NSAID, %Monocytes.
β for an increment equal to the difference between the 75th and 25th percentile of PM mass and PM metal component.