Table 2.

Lupus patients: plaque versus no plaque^*

	Plaque (N=51)	No Plaque (N=68)	P value
Age (yr)	49.5 (10.6)	37.5 (11.2)	<0.0001
Caucasian (%)	47	37	0.12
Postmenopausal (%)	60	24	0.0004
Female (%)	94	88	0.35
Body-mass index	26.3 (6.1)	25.5 (6.5)	0.54
IMT (mm)	0.65 (0.24)	0.54 (0.11)	0.0039
Δ vascular age (yrs)	15.8 (22.6)	16.1 (10.2)	0.93
Current smoker (%)	10.2	9.2	1.00
Hypertension (%)	56	22	0.0009
Diabetes (%)	6	0	0.07
Systolic blood pressure	124.5 (21.0)	112.2 (16.7)	0.0009
Diastolic blood pressure	76.6 (11.7)	72.2 (11.0)	0.045
Total Cholesterol (mg/dl)	186.5 (43.7)	170.0 (32.6)	0.02
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dl)	58.3 (22.5)	56.4 (15.4)	0.61
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dl)	105.1 (34.8)	96.1 (27.3)	0.13
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	111.5 (74.5)	94.2 (53.2)	0.15
Homocysteine (μM)	10.6(4.5)	9.9 (3.7)	0.39
Dyslipidemia** (%)	54.9	29.4	0.0079
Cardio CRP (% >10 mg/L)	13	12	1.00
Cardio CRP (% >3 mg/L)	38	35	0.84
anti-ds DNA (%)	0.41	0.50	0.33
C3 (mg/dl)	97.3 (29.8)	92.8 (26.0)	0.39
C4 (mg/dl)	19.6 (10.0)	17.7 (9.8)	0.31
SLEDAI >4 (%)	19	31	0.14
Age at onset of disease (yrs)	32.9 (12.9)	26.1 (8.4)	0.002
Duration of disease (yrs)	16.9 (10.1)	11.1 (9.3)	0.002
sE-selectin (ng/ml)	78.5 (58.6)	52.9 (27.1)	0.006
CECs (cells/ml)	18.7 (15.4)	19.9 (14.3)	0.72
Genotype EPCR (%)	22	28	0.64
sEPCR (ng/ml)	259.6 (187.9)	220.8 (130.7)	0.22
Adiponectin (μg/ml)	18.1 (8.7)	14.4 (9.3)	0.033
Prednisone use (%)	46	48	0.85
Hydroxychloroquine (%)	65	77	0.20
AZA (%)	15	11	0.58
MTX (%)	12	8	0.74
CYC (%)	0	5	0.27
MMF (%)	13	20	0.58
Statin (%)	13	8	0.52
Beta blocker (%)	26	5	0.0019
ACE I (%)	23	30	0.52
ASA (%)	36	25	0.23
Warfarin (%)	8	11	0.76

^*For continuous variables, mean value (S.D.)

^**Dyslipidemia was calculated as previously reported [5]