Table 1.

Studies included in the review

Author and publication year	Data year(s)	Study design and data source	Primary study population	Age of study population	Category of outcomes assesseda
Strassels et al, 200113	1987	Cross-sectional design using National Medical Expenditure Survey data	Persons with COPD	≥40 years	Absenteeism/work loss, restricted activity days, bed confinement days
Ward et al, 20028	1993–1994	Cross-sectional design using SIPP and National Health Interview Survey data	Persons with self-reported COPD	≥25 years	Workforce participation, work limitation, absenteeism/work loss
Sin et al, 200210	1994	Cross-sectional design using NHANES III data	Persons with COPD based on spirometry	18–64 years	Workforce participation, per person indirect costs, total US costs
Leigh et al, 200216	1996	Population-based cost estimates using cost inputs obtained from national surveys	Estimated US population with occupational COPDb	≥35 years	Productivity loss, morbidity and mortality costs; per person indirect costs, total US costs
Mannino et al, 20029	1996	Cross-sectional study using NHIS data	Adults	Not provided	Workforce participation, activity limitation, absenteeism/work loss, restricted activity days, bed confinement days
Goetzel et al, 200317	1997–1999	Retrospective analysis of claims data using Marketscan HPM Database (data from six large employers)	Persons with COPD based on claims data; n=374,799	≥18 years	Employer costs for productivity loss and disability
Halpern et al, 200311	2000	Cross-sectional study using the US subsample of the Confronting COPD survey	Persons with physician-diagnosed COPD	≥45 years	Work limitation, absenteeism/work loss, per person productivity loss costs
Nair et al, 201214	2000–2007	Retrospective case-control analysis of claims data using Thomas Reuters Marketscan Commercial Claims Database and Health and Productivity (HPM) Database	Employed adults with COPD based on claims data and matched controls; n=27,612	18–65 years	Absenteeism/work loss, short-term disability, per person indirect costs, employer costs
Darkow et al, 200715	2001–2004	Case-control study (matched 1:2) using claims from nine multi-state employers	1,349 cases with primary diagnosis of COPD; 2,696 controls	40–63 years	Long-term disability, per person indirect costs
Wang et al, 20035	Not stated	Cross-sectional analysis using World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire	Persons with self-reported COPD	≥18 years	Disability prevalence, absenteeism/work loss, presenteeism
DiBonaventura et al, 201212	2009	Cross-sectional analysis using self-reported data from the 2009 National Health and Wellness Survey	Employed older adults with and without self-reported COPD	≥65 years	Activity limitation, absenteeism/work loss, presenteeism, short-term disability

Notes:

^aSee Tables 2, 3, and 4 for more specific outcome measures

^bCOPD due to occupational exposure to harmful substances, such as dust and gases.

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NHANES III, National Health and Examination Survey III; NHIS, National Health Interview Survey; SIPP, Survey of Income and Program Participation (US Census Bureau).