Table 2.
Proportion of individuals with COPD reporting productivity impairment: ability to work, work and activity limitations, and disability
| Study | Data year(s) | Prevalence | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proportion participating in workforce | |||
| Able to work/working | |||
| Sin et al, 200210 | 1988–1994 | 69.21% (COPD group)a 77.24% (no COPD group) (P for difference = 0.001) |
|
| Ward et al, 20028 | 1993–1994 | 81.6%b (chronic bronchitis group) 37.1%b (emphysema group) 65%b,c (any COPD) |
|
| Mannino et al, 20029 | 1996 | 56% (COPD group) 54% (COPD + asthma group) 65% (no COPD/no asthma group) Unable to work due to COPD |
|
| Ward et al, 20028 | 1993–1994 | 0.6% (chronic bronchitis group) 27.4% (emphysema group) 14%a (any COPD) |
|
| Halpern et al, 200311 | 2000 | 34% (persons with COPD) | |
| Proportion with work limitations | |||
| Ward et al8 | 1993–1994 | 11.6% (chronic bronchitis group) 16.3% (emphysema group) 13%a (any COPD) |
|
| Halpern et al11 | 2000 | 18% (persons with COPD) | |
| Proportion with activity limitations | |||
| Mannino et al, 20029 | 1996 | 32% (COPD, no asthma group) 45% (COPD + asthma group) |
|
| DiBonaventura et al, 201212 | 2009 | 29.6% (COPD group) 13.9% (no COPD group) |
|
| Proportion with disability | |||
| Short-term disability claim | Long-term disability claim | ||
| Darkow et al, 200715 | 2001–2004 | 21.8% (COPD cases) 7% (controls) |
2.4% (COPD cases) 0.4% (controls) |
Notes:
In a logistic regression model that adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking status and other variables, having mild, moderate or severe COPD was associated with a 3.4%, 3.9%, and 14.4% reduction in the workforce participation rate, respectively (P<0.001 for linear trend)
the study publication presents results as the proportion of the sample unable to work/not working as follows: 18.4% (chronic bronchitis), 62.9% (emphysema), 35% (chronic bronchitis or emphysema). We have subtracted these proportions from 1 to report the inverse value (proportion able to work/working) in order to facilitate comparison across studies
Values for the combined chronic bronchitis and emphysema groups were calculated by the authors using data provided in the publication.
Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.