Fig. 3.

(Upper) Average N₂O₅ exchange velocity (V_ex, cm s⁻¹) as a function of 10-m wind speed (m s⁻¹). Modeled exchange velocities, determined via Eq. E3 [Johnson (29)] are shown using the dimensionless gas over liquid Henry’s Law Constant, K_H (N₂O₅) = 1.9 × 10⁻² with and without incorporation of N₂O₅ hydrolysis (k_r = 5 × 10⁶ s⁻¹). Parameterizations of Liss (33), Mackay and Yeun (30), and Duce (34) are also shown for comparison. (Lower) The 2012 annual median (black line), interquartile range (dark gray shaded region), and full range (light gray shaded region) for 10-m wind speed measured at the SIO pier.