. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013 Jul;144(1):32–42. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.02.019

Table 1.

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria	Exclusion Criteria
Adult (female ≥ 16 years, male ≥ 18 years)

At least 2 of the following clinical criteria required:	History of severe facial trauma

ANB ≤ 0	Previous orthodontic treatment

Overjet ≤ 0 at least edge-to-edge or anterior crossbite	Presence of facial syndromes

Wits (female ≤ 0, male ≤ -1)	Missing or poor quality records

Angle CIII molar or canine relationship on at least one side	Missing or impacted teeth other than 3^rd molars

Concave profile	Retained primary teeth