Table 2.
Historical clinical reports in ABO incompatible kidney transplantation
| Ref. | Type of study | Study population | ABOi population | Desensitization | Outcome |
| Hume et al[18] | Observational | 9 | 1 | No treatment | Graft nephrectomy day 17 |
| Starzl et al[19] | Observational | 3 | 2 | SPx (1 case) | Graft survival 74 d (1 case), patient death day 24 (1 case) |
| Sheil et al[20] | Observational | 2 | 2 | No treatment | Graft nephrectomy day 14 |
| Alexandre et al[11] | Observational | 23 | 23 | PE/SPx | 2-yr graft survival: 88% (related donor), 50% (unrelated donor) |
| Ota et al[21] | Observational, comparative | 51 | 51 | DFPP and/or IAs/SPx | 2-yr graft survival: 87% vs 84.6% vs 50% ( A- vs B- vs ABO-incompatible) |
| Tanabe et al[22] | Observational, comparative | 433 | 67 | DFPP and IAs/SPx | 8-yr graft survival: 73% vs 80 % (ABOi vs ABOc) |
| Ishida et al[23] | Observational | 93 | 93 | DFPP/SPx | 5-yr graft survival: 73% |
| Ohta et al[24] | Observational, pediatric | 10 | 10 | DFPP or PE or IAs/SPx | 5.4-yr graft survival: 100% |
| Shishido et al[25] | Observational, pediatric | 16 | 16 | PE and IAs/SPx | 5-yr graft survival: 85% |
| Takahashi et al[2] | Observational, comparative | 1496 | 441 | DFPP or PE or IAs/SPx | 9-yr graft survival: 59% vs 57% (ABOi vs ABOc) |
| Shimmura et al[26] | Observational, comparative | 167 | 167 | DFPP and/or IAs/SPx | 5-yr graft survival: 74.3% vs 78.5% ( CYA with AZ or MZ vs TAC or MMF) |
| Futagawa et al[27] | Observational, comparative | 37803 | 191 | NA | 5-yr graft survival: 66.2% vs 79.5% (ABOi vs ABOc) |
| Ishida et al[28] | Observational, comparative | 222 | 222 | DFPP/SPx | 5-yr graft survival: 73% vs 90% ( CYA with AZ vs TAC with MMF) |
| Tyden et al[29] | Observational, comparative | 334 | 60 | IAs/RIT/IVIG | Graft survival: ABOi 97% (1.5-yr) vs ABOc 95% (1.8-yr) |
| Galliford et al[30] | Observational | 10 | 10 | PE/RIT/IVIG | 1-yr graft survival: 100% |
| Genberg et al[31] | Observational, comparative | 45 | 15 | IAs/RIT/IVIG | Graft survival: ABOi 86.7% (3.4-yr) vs ABOc 86.7% (4.0-yr) |
| Oettl et al[32] | Observational | 10 | 10 | IAs/RIT/IVIG | 1.3-yr graft survival: 100% |
| Toki et al[33] | Observational, comparative | 57 | 57 | DFPP/SPx | 8-yr graft survival: 49% vs 95% (AAMR vs non-AAMR) |
| Wilpert et al[34] | Observational, comparative | 83 | 40 | IAs/RIT/IVIG | Graft survival: ABOi 100% (3.3-yr) vs ABOc 93% (1.5-yr) |
| Tyden et al[1] | Observational, comparative, pediatric | 38 | 10 | IAs/RIT/IVIG | Graft loss within 3 years: ABOi 1 case, ABOc 2 cases |
| Flint et al[35] | Observational, comparative | 89 | 37 | PE/IVIG | 1-yr graft survival: 100% (ABOi vs ABOc) |
| Fichinoue et al[36] | Observational, comparative | 393 | 113 | DFPP or PE/SPx or RIT | 5-yr graft survival: 88.4% vs 90.3% vs 100% (ABOc vs ABOi-SPx vs ABOi-RIT) |
| Habicht et al[37] | Observational, comparative | 68 | 21 | IAs/RIT/IVIG | 1-yr graft survival : 100% (ABOi vs ABOc) |
| Lipshutz et al[38] | Observational | 18 | 18 | PE/RIT/IVIG | 1-yr graft survival: 94.4% |
| Shirakawa et al[39] | Observational, comparative | 74 | 74 | DFPP/RIT | 1-yr graft survival: 95.7% vs 98.% ( RIT 500mg vs RIT 200 mg) |
| Shishido et al[3] | Observational, comparative, pediatric | 323 | 52 | PE/SPx or RIT | 15-yr graft survival: 86% vs 78% (ABOi vs ABOc) |
| Montgomery et al[4] | Observational, comparative | 78193 | 738 | NA | 10-yr cumulative incidence of graft loss: 27.1% vs 23.9% (ABOi vs ABOc) |
| Morath et al[40] | Observational, comparative | 19 | 19 | IAs or IAns/RIT/IVIG | 1-yr graft survival: 100% (IAs vs IAns) |
| Uchida et al[41] | Observational | 25 | 25 | DFPP or PE/SPx or RIT | 4.5-yr graft survival: 100% |
| Ashimine et al[42] | Observational, comparative | 320 | 92 | DFPP/SPx or RIT or none | 5-yr graft survival: 87% vs 97.7% (ABOi vs ABOc) |
ABOi: ABO incompatible; SPx: Splenectomy; PE: Plasma exchange; DFPP: Double-filtration plasmapheresis; IAs: Antigen-specific immunoadsorption; ABOc: ABO compatible; CYA: Cyclosporine; AZ: Azathioprine; MZ: Mizoribine; TAC: Tacrolimus; MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil; NA: Not available; RIT: Rituximab; IVIG: Intravenous immunoglobulin; AAMR: Acute antibody-mediated rejection; IAns: Non-antigen-specific immunoadsorption.