Table 1. Results from gene expression analysis of WiT49 cells after CITED1 misexpression.
Comparisons were made between three biologic replicates of cells expressing either wild-type CITED1 or ΔNES CITED1 and empty vector controls. Genes are displayed in rank order of fold change, either up- or down-regulated. Known biological functions for each gene are included.
| Cell Line: versus empty vector | Gene | Fold Change | Rank Order | Biological Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LGR5 | + 2.04 | 1 | Stem cell marker; direct target of Wnt/CTNNB1 | |
| PLAC8 | + 1.53 | 2 | Onzin (synonym); enhances proliferation; pro-survival; retinoids repress, inducing differentiation | |
| NT5E | + 1.52 | 3 | CD73 (synonym); target of Wnt/CTNNB1; associated with cancer progression | |
| DKK1 | + 1.48 | 4 | Wnt inhibitor; represses epithelial commitment of nephron progenitors; promotes stemness | |
| GREM1 | + 1.48 | 5 | Wnt/CTNNB1 target; BMP antagonist; pro-stem effects | |
| CITED1 | CD34 | + 1.45 | 6 | Marker of hematopoietic and endothelial stem cells |
| PTGS2 | + 1.40 | 7 | COX2 (synonym); synthesizes prostaglandins (PGE2); important to normal nephrogenesis; regulator of tumorigenesis and disease progression; anti-apoptosis effects; Wnt1/CTNNB1 target | |
| PLA2G4A | − 1.50 | 5 | Phospholipase (A)2; inactivating mutations enhance tumor progression | |
| RNU13P2 | − 1.51 | 4 | SNORD13P2; no reported function | |
| HOXA2 | − 1.51 | 3 | Transcription factor that represses SIX2 (developmentally regulated gene) | |
| LIN7A | − 1.52 | 2 | Recruits cell adhesion molecules to interact with β -catenin; stabilizes cytoskeleton through β-catenin | |
| CDH6 | − 1.62 | 1 | Early marker of epithelial commitment of nephron progenitors; labels pretubular aggregate of embryonic kidney | |
| CITED1 | + 1.96 | 1 | Marker of nephron progenitors in embryonic kidney; proproliferative effects in malignant context | |
| KIR2DS2 | + 1.62 | 2 | Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs); transmembrane glycoproteins | |
| LCN1L1 | + 1.54 | 3 | Lipocalin-1-pseudogene-1; function not reported | |
| ΔNES | TUBA3E | + 1.50 | 4 | Tubulin; component of microtubules, which form the spindle fibers for separating chromosomes during mitosis |
| BTBD11 | − 1.50 | 3 | All-trans retinoic acid responsive gene; induces differentiation | |
| SNORD56B | − 1.57 | 2 | No reported function | |
| RNU13P2 | − 1.58 | 1 | SNORD13P2; no reported function |