Table 2. Results from WNT pathway and Cancer Drug Target real time PCR arrays.
Genes are displayed having fold changes either up- or down-regulated and a p-value >0.05. Known biological functions for each gene are included.
| WNT | Gene | Fold change | p-value | Biological Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCND2 | −3.0 | 0.0004 | β-catenin target gene; facilitates cell cycle progression from G1 to S phases | |
| WNT2B | −4.6 | 0.0004 | Induces nephrogenesis; promotes epithelial differentiation | |
| FZD4 | −1.9 | 0.0039 | Promotes ureteric bud branching morphogenesis | |
| DAAM1 | −1.4 | 0.0075 | Maintains cytoskeleton architecture; knockdown reduces pronephric epithelial markers | |
| FRZB | −2.7 | 0.0089 | sFRP3; candidate tumor suppressor | |
| WNT11 | −1.4 | 0.0093 | Secreted from UB tips; regulates UB epithelial branching; non-canonical pathway; redundant function with WNT5B | |
| SLC9A3R1 | −1.6 | 0.0117 | Scaffold protein; may enhance Wnt signaling | |
| PITX2 | −1.6 | 0.0152 | Morphogen | |
| CITED1 | KREMEN1 | +1.6 | 0.0278 | DKK1 receptor; Wnt antagonist |
| NLK | −1.2 | 0.0295 | Serine/threonine kinase; negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin nuclear effects (analogous to CTNNBIP1) | |
| WNT5B | −1.7 | 0.0341 | Non-canonical; detected in minority of Wilms tumor; redundant function with WNT11 | |
| TCF7L1 | −1.3 | 0.0372 | Mediates Wnt/β-catenin signaling; necessary for terminal differentiation | |
| DKK1 | +4.6 | 0.0379 | Wnt inhibitor; represses nephrogenesis; promotes stemness | |
| SENP2 | −1.2 | 0.0428 | Sumoylation activity | |
| CTNNBIP1 | −1.7 | 0.0440 | Wnt antagonist; promotes ureteric bud branching morphogenesis; down-regulated in 1p-deleted WT | |
| CSNK2A1 | −1.4 | 0.0458 | Serine/threonine kinase | |
| FBXW2 | −1.5 | 0.0488 | Ubiquitin ligase | |
| WNT16 | −1.5 | 0.0494 | Developmentally regulated activity | |
| BTRC | −1.4 | 0.0065 | Ubiquitin ligase; ubiquitinates β-catenin | |
| NLK | −1.2 | 0.0295 | Serine/threonine kinase; negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin nuclear effects (analogous to CTNNBIP1) | |
| ΔNES | CTNNBIP1 | −1.7 | 0.0296 | Wnt antagonist; promotes ureteric bud branching morphogenesis; down-regulated in 1p-deleted WT |
| DVL1 | +1.2 | 0.0339 | Signal transducer of Wnt pathway; pro-proliferative; increases β-catenin tumorigenicity in neuroblastoma | |
| CCND2 | −1.6 | 0.0409 | β-catenin target gene; facilitates cell cycle progression from G1 to S phases | |
| TARGETS | Gene | Fold change | p-value | Biological Function |
| CITED1 | IGF2 | +1.5 | 0.017 | Loss of imprinting of IGF2 is the most common genetic or epigenetic alteration found in Wilms tumor (~50%) |
| PTGS2 | +2.2 | 0.026 | Synthesizes prostaglandins (PGE2); important to normal nephrogensis; regulator of tumorigenesis and disease progression | |
| CTSD | −2.1 | 0.037 | Stimulates apoptosis | |
| PTGS2 | +2.1 | 0.043 | Synthesizes prostaglandins (PGE2); important to normal nephrogensis; regulator of tumorigenesis and disease progression | |
| ΔNES | HDAC11 | −1.7 | 0.044 | Transcriptional co-repressor; binding partner of HDAC6; expressed specifically in kidney |
| PIK3C2A | −1.6 | 0.046 | Receptor-linked serine/threonine kinase; AKT pathway | |
| AKT1 | −1.8 | 0.048 | Cytosolic serine/threonine kinase |