Table 2.
Participant characteristics at diagnosis by modelled CVD risk quartile
| Characteristic | n (%)a | 10-year modelled CVD risk by quartile and overall at diagnosis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| <25th centile (Q1) | 25th to 49th centile (Q2) | 50th to 75th centile (Q3) | >75th centile (Q4) | Combined | ||
| Self-reported | ||||||
| % Female | 2418 (84.5) | 67.4 | 47.0 | 32.7 | 18.7 | 41.5 |
| Mean (SD) age at diagnosis, years | 2418 (84.5) | 56.4 (7.2) | 59.9 (6.6) | 61.5 (6.1) | 62.9 (5.5) | 60.2 (6.8) |
| White ethnicity, % | 2418 (84.5) | 90.6 | 94.0 | 94.7 | 97.5 | 94.2 |
| Low education, % | 1853 (64.8) | 39.2 | 39.7 | 46.8 | 52.7 | 44.5 |
| Current smoker, % | 2389 | 13.6 | 23.0 | 30.0 | 37.8 | 26.0 |
| Median (IQR) units of alcohol per week | 2141 (74.8) | 4 (1 to 10) | 4 (1 to 13) | 5 (1 to 14) | 5 (1 to 14) | 4 (1 to 12) |
| Mean (SD) EQ-5D score | 2312 (80.8) | 0.82 (0.22) | 0.84 (0.20) | 0.85 (0.20) | 0.82 (0.22) | 0.83 (0.21) |
| % Prescribed any glucose-lowering drugb | 2378 (83.1) | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| % Prescribed any lipid-lowering drug | 2378 (83.1) | 15.1 | 16.1 | 14.4 | 19.9 | 16.4 |
| % History of myocardial infarction | 2292 (80.1) | 0.2 | 1.6 | 4.5 | 17.8 | 6.0 |
| % History of stroke | 2254 (78.8) | 0.2 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 6.1 | 2.1 |
|
| ||||||
| Clinical | ||||||
| Mean (SD) BMI, kg/m2 | 2418 (84.5) | 31.0 (5.7) | 31.5 (5.6) | 32.0 (5.6) | 32.0 (5.1) | 31.6 (5.5) |
| Median (p25 to p75) HbA1c, % | 2418 (84.5) | 6.2 (5.9 to 6.7) | 6.5 (6.1 to 7.0) | 6.7 (6.2 to 7.6) | 7.2 (6.6 to 9.2) | 6.6 (6.1 to 7.4) |
| Mean (SD) systolic BP, mmHg | 2418 (84.5) | 137 (17) | 146 (18) | 153 (20) | 161 (24) | 149 (22) |
| Mean (SD) total:HDL cholesterol ratio | 2418 (84.5) | 3.8 (1.1) | 4.4 (1.2) | 4.9 (1.3) | 5.7 (1.6) | 4.7 (1.5) |
| Median (p25 to p75) triglycerides, mmol/l | 2417 (84.5) | 1.4 (1.0 to 1.9) | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1) | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.4) | 2.1 (1.5 to 3.0) | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.4) |
| Median albumin creatinine ratio (p25 to p75), mg/mmol | 2259 (79.0) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.4) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.5) | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.0) | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.5) | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.0) |
| Minimum – maximum 10-year modelled CVD risk at baseline | 2418 (84.5) | 4.0–17.4 | 17.4–24.9 | 24.9–34.9 | 34.9–92.7 | — |
| Experienced CVD event during follow-up, % | 2418 (84.5) | 2.1 | 4.3 | 6.8 | 11.3 | 6.1 |
BMI = body mass index. BP = blood pressure. CVD = cardiovascular disease. HbA1c = glycated haemoglobin. HDL = high-density lipoprotein. IQR = interquartile range. SD = standard deviation. UKPDS = UK Prospective Diabetes Study.
a
Number with variable and complete baseline UKPDS risk score (% included in the study).
b
A few participants were offered glucose-lowering medication before confirmatory diabetes diagnosis, owing to high blood glucose values at screening.