The SNS regulates BM recovery. (a) Experimental design to determine the effect of the 6OHDA-induced SNS lesion on BM regeneration after transplantation. (b) The left panel shows the survival of saline (n = 25) or 6OHDA-treated (n = 34) mice transplanted using the protocol depicted in a; the right panel shows the number of LSKF cells per femur in saline (n = 7) or 6OHDA-treated (n = 8) transplanted mice 4 weeks after transplantation. (c), Reduced survival of 6OHDA-sympathectomized mice (n = 29), compared to saline-treated controls (n = 17) following 5FU. (d) The left panel shows the number of BMNC per femur in mice treated with saline (blue) or 6OHDA (red) at days 0 (n = 5–8), 4 (n = 15–16), 8 (n = 13–15) and 12 (n = 21–22) after 5FU injection; the right panel shows the number of LSKF cells per femur in mice treated with saline (blue) or 6OHDA (red) at days 0 (n = 5–7), 4 (n = 5), 8 (n = 4–5) and 12 (n = 6–11) after 5FU injection. (e) Representative immunofluorescence images showing induction of apoptosis (TUNEL, red) in Th+ sympathetic neurons (blue) in superior cervical ganglia from WT or Th-Cre:iDTR mice 12h after diphtheria toxin injection. Scale bar 50 μm. (f) Quantification of BM Th+ fibers in WT or Th-Cre:iDTR mice 12 days after 5FU injection (n = 4); right panels show representative whole-mount immunofluorescence staining in the sternum; Th (red); VE cadherin (vessels, blue). Scale bar, 50μm. (g) BMNC and LSKF cells per femur in the BM of Th-Cre:iDTR or iDTR and Th-Cre (Ctrl) mice 12 days after DT treatment and 5FU injection (n = 6). (h) Number of LSKF cells per femur in the BM of WT or Adrb2−/− mice treated with saline, SR59230A (SR; β3-AR blocker) or ICI118551 (ICI; β2-AR blocker).