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. 2014 Mar 13;63(4):1366–1380. doi: 10.2337/db13-1412

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© 2014 by the American Diabetes Association.

Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.

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Expression of exogenous Rap1b in kidney tissues and its effect on blood glucose, UAE, and urinary excretion of γ-GT and β-NAG in the STZ-induced rats. A: Using IHC, Rap1b expression was assessed in control rats (Aa), STZ rats (Ab), STZ + Rap1b V12G rats (Ac), and the STZ + empty vector only group (Ad) (magnification ×400). Using real-time PCR (B) and immunoprecipitation/Western blot analyses (C), a decreased mRNA expression and Rap1b GTP activity was seen in kidneys of STZ rats, which was reversed by injection of Rap1b G12V. D: The bar graphs represent the expression of the Rap1b GTP relative to β-actin. E: Blood glucose concentration in each group. F: Rats' UAE levels. G and H: Urinary excretion of γ-GT and urine β-NAG levels. Values are means ± SE. *P < 0.01 versus control, #P < 0.01 versus STZ. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.