Figure 4. Temperature differences (shaded, K) between each sensitive experiment and the control run (the former minus the latter) and the corresponding thermal winds (vector, m s⁻¹ Pa⁻¹) calculated using Eq. (1) at 900-hPa at initial time (0000UTC 18 Oct. 2010).

(a), sen_−1.5. (b), sen_−1.0. (c), sen_1.0. (d), sen_1.5. Thermal wind larger than 2 × 10⁻⁴ m s⁻¹ Pa⁻¹ are not shown since they are mostly attributed to the discontinuity of temperature modification. These figures were drawn using GrADS.