Table 3.
Patients’ characteristics, per-protocol population.
| Characteristic | Control n = 12 | EXP n = 12 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) in mean ± SD | 66.6 ± 7.8 | 68.8 ± 6.2 | 0.461 |
| Race (number (%)): | |||
| –Caucasian | 9 (75%) | 9 (75%) | 0.549 |
| –African-American | 2 (16.7%) | 3 (25%) | |
| –Hispanic-American | 1 (8.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Body weight (kg) in mean ± SD | 83.9 ± 12.2 | 82.6 ± 12.1 | 0.790 |
| Lean weight (kg) in mean ± SD | 55.1 ± 8.0 | 55.2 ± 6.6 | 0.981 |
| LBM (%) in mean ± SD | 66.8 ± 3.4 | 69.6 ± 4.8 | 0.110 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) in mean ± SD | 25.8 ± 2.1 | 25.1 ± 3.3 | 0.572 |
| FFMI (kg/m2) in mean ± SD | 17.7 ± 1.4 | 17.7 ± 1.6 | 0.958 |
| Body weight change (%) in mean ± SD | −1.9 ± 4.1 | −2.9 ± 2.2 | 0.459 |
| Cancer diagnosis (number (%)): | |||
| –Lung | 7 (58.3%) | 5 (41.7%) | 0.363 |
| –Colorectal | 3 (25%) | 6 (50%) | |
| –Breast | 0 (0%) | 1 (8.3%) | |
| –Oesophagus | 1 (8.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
| –B-cell lymphoma | 1 (8.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Stage (number (%)): | |||
| –I | 1 (8.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.482 |
| –II A & B | 1 (8.3%) | 3 (25%) | |
| –III A & B | 6 (50%) | 3 (25%) | |
| –IV | 3 (25%) | 4 (33.3%) | |
| –Unknown | 1 (8.3%) | 2 (16.7%) | |
| ECOG peformance status (number (%)): | |||
| –0 | 1 (8.3%) | 3 (25%) | 0.531 |
| –1 | 8 (66.7%) | 7 (58.3%) | |
| –2 | 3 (25%) | 2 (16.7%) | |
| Pro-inflammatory markers | |||
| CRP (ng/mL) in mean ± SD | 22.2 ± 6.9 n = 9 | 28.7 ± 8.2 n = 11 | 0.076 |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) in median (min-max) | 15.9 (2.7–289.0) n = 9 | 12.9 (2.7–91.3) n = 11 | 0.909 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) in median (min-max) | 43.6 (13.3–637.7) n = 9 | 27.1 (10.7–316.2) | 0.320 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) in median (min-max) | 31.3 (1.7–86.0) n = 9 | 10.6 (1.7–57.4) | 0.721 |
| Glucose homeostasis | |||
| Fasting Glucose (mmol/L) in mean ± SD | 5.8 ± 0.4 n = 9 | 5.8 ± 1.0 | 0.921 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL) in median (min-max) | 3.1 (1.7–11.0) n = 9 | 3.0 (1.0–5.7) | 0.546 |
| HOMA in median (min-max) | 0.82 (0.41–2.94) n = 9 | 0.78 (0.21–1.93) | 0.522 |
| QUICKI in mean ± SD | 0.39 ± 0.03 n = 9 | 0.41 ± 0.05 | 0.307 |
| Heamotology | |||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) in mean ± SD | 127.6 ± 10.7 | 130.8 ± 12.5 | 0.508 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) in mean ± SD | 76.6 ± 11.3 | 83.8 ± 10.9 | 0.132 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) in mean ± SD | 14.0 ± 1.7 | 13.2 ± 1.9 | 0.328 |
| INR in median (min-max) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.570 |
| PTT (s) in mean ± SD | 29.0 ± 2.4 | 30.1 ± 2.0 | 0.250 |
| Platelets (/μL) in mean ± SD | 247.3 ± 42.7 | 249.4 ± 73.8 | 0.931 |
FFMI is fat-free mass index. Pro-inflammatory markers and glucose homeostasis could not be reported for all subjects due to blood sampling problems. Body weight change is change over last 4 weeks before start of the study. ANOVA was used to compare the baseline characteristics of the control group with the EXP group. For not normally distributed variables, the Mann–Whitney U test was used for this comparison and for the nominal variables, Pearson Chi-Square was used.