Table 1.
Assumptions about x-ray beam quality derived from literature for purposes of reconstructing organ doses to medical radiologic personnel.
| <1949 | 1949 to 1954 | 1955 to 1968 | >1968 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peak tube potential (kV)a,b (average photon energy, keV) | 70 (32.1) | 70 (36.0) | 70 (38.5) | 70 (40.0) |
| 80 (35.5) | 80 (39.3) | 80 (42.1) | 80 (43.6) | |
| 90 (38.8) | 90 (42.6) | 90 (45.5) | 90 (47.1) | |
| Filtrationc (mm Al) | 0.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 3.0 |
| Ripple (%) | 15 | 15 | 10 | 5 |
a
Values of kV within each time-period are considered as equally probable.
b
kV (peak) based on USPSH (1964), average x-ray energy based on IPEM (1997).
c
Based on Shockley and Kathren (2004) and Shockley et al. (2008).