Fig. 1.

The cortisol response of offspring of mothers exposed to simulated predation risk compared to offspring of control mothers. There was a significant interaction between maternal treatment and time (Table 1), indicating that the time course of the plasma cortisol response differs between offspring of predator-exposed mothers and control mothers. However, the post-hoc comparison of least squares means between maternal treatments at each time point was not significant (p > 0.05). n = 28–30 per bar. Data represent least squares (LS) means ± 1 standard error of raw (not transformed) data. LS-means with the same letter are not significantly different.