. 2014 Mar 25;9(3):e93163. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093163

Table 2. Effects of lactulose on the concentrations of urinary and fecal daidzein and equol, and the ratio of urinary and fecal equol to daidzein concentrations in barrows fed with daidzein.

Items	Control	Daidzein	D+L	P
	(n = 10)	(n = 11)	(n = 11)
Urine
Daidzein (μg/ml)	ND^b	9.70±2.69^a	8.49±2.18^a	<0.0001
Equol (μg/ml)	ND^c	2.11±0.82^b	3.13±0.93^a	<0.0001
Equol to daidzein ratio	ND^b	0.21±0.06^b	0.38±0.10^a	<0.0001
Faecal
Faecal daidzein (μg/g)	ND^b	3.92±1.48^a	3.84±1.93^a	<0.0001
Faecal equol (μg/g)	ND^c	10.00±2.26^b	12.00±2.68^a	<0.0001
Equol to daidzein ratio	ND^b	2.90±1.40^a	3.77±1.57^a	<0.0001

Note: values with different small letter superscripts in the same row mean that there was a significant difference (P<0.05), and the same small letter superscripts mean that there was no difference. ND = not detected.