Table 3. Relative quantification of gene expression associated with treatment of olanzapine, or olanzapine + berberine, or olanzapine + metformin.

Tissue	Function	Gene	Ctrl	Olan	Olan+Ber	Olan+Met
Brown fat	Energy expenditure	AMP-activated protein kinase-(AMPK)	1	0.2984 ***	0.7719 *	1.0536 *
Brown fat	Energy expenditure	Uncoupling protein 3(UCP3)	1	0.6258 **	1.0927 *	0.866 *
Brown fat	Glucose metabolism	Glucose transporters 4(GLUT4/SLC2A4)	1	0.2601 ***	0.5662 **	0.7345 **
Brown fat	Glucose metabolism	Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2(PCK2)	1	0.5604 *	0.9723	1.1389 *
Brown fat	Glucose metabolism	Pyruvate kinase (PKM2)	1	0.3443 ***	0.8652 ***	0.6787
Brown fat	Lipid metabolism	Estrogen sulfotransferase (EST/STE2)	1	0.2364 ***	0.5898 *	0.2316
Brown fat	Lipid metabolism	Resistin (RETN)	1	0.2574 ***	0.3521	0.5312 **
Brown fat	Lipid metabolism	Fatty acid synthase (FAS)	1	0.4751 **	0.8386 ***	0.8412 *
Brown fat	Lipid metabolism	Glyerol-3P acyltransferase (GPAM)	1	0.4017 ***	0.7997 *	0.8525
Brown fat	Lipid metabolism	Insulin-induced gene 2 (INSIG2)	1	0.5394 *	1.2907 *	1.0692 *
Brown fat	Lipid metabolism	Liver X receptor alpha (LXRA/NR1H3)	1	0.5285 ***	0.867 *	1.1585 *
Brown fat	Lipid metabolism	Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADV1)	1	0.5748 *	0.8586 *	1.1054 *
Brown fat	Lipid metabolism	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα)	1	0.4098 ***	0.6171 *	0.7292 *
Brown fat	Lipid metabolism	Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma(PPARγ)	1	0.4375 ***	0.6371	0.6995 *
Liver	Glucose metabolism	Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1)	1	4.5756 ***	2.4559 *	3.6892
Liver	Lipid metabolism	Insulin-induced gene 2 (INSIG2)	1	1.9591 **	1.5637	0.9216 ***
Liver	Lipid metabolism	HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR)	1	0.4599 *	0.8487	0.9876 *
Liver	Lipid metabolism	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα)	1	0.6867 *	1.0102 *	1.0423 **
Skeletal muscle	Energy expenditure	Uncoupling protein 3(UCP3)	1	5.2725 **	5.8264	25.2141 *
Skeletal muscle	Energy expenditure	Uncoupling protein 2(UCP2)	1	0.4301 *	0.518	3.7121 **
Skeletal muscle	Energy expenditure	PPARy coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α)	1	0.6291 *	1.1504 *	7.93 **
Skeletal muscle	Glucose metabolism	Glucose transporters 4(GLUT4/SLC2A4)	1	0.6831 **	0.9159 *	5.8091 **
Skeletal muscle	Lipid metabolism	Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)	1	0.4547 **	0.5519	2.5828 **
Skeletal muscle	Lipid metabolism	Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1)	1	4.1306 **	5.9079	34.5536 **
White fat	Glucose metabolism	Glucose transporters 4(GLUT4/SLC2A4)	1	0.6919 *	1.7306	1.1937 * *
White fat	Lipid metabolism	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα)	1	1.5371 **	2.3521 *	2.7735 *
White fat	Lipid metabolism	Fatty acid synthase (FAS)	1	1.5579 **	2.8311 **	2.0223 *
White fat	Lipid metabolism	Glycerol-3P acyltransferase (GPAM)	1	1.2941 *	2.9321 **	2.3294 **
White fat	Lipid metabolism	HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR)	1	0.5825 *	0.7815 **	0.7125
White fat	Lipid metabolism	Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1)	1	3.569 **	4.8277 *	3.268
White fat	Lipid metabolism	Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1)	1	0.5412 *	1.1571 *	1.2275 *
White fat	Lipid metabolism	Apolipoprotein E (APOE)	1	0.4891 *	0.4128 *	0.6056 *

Bold numbers are significant expression changes (Olan vs. Ctrl, or Olan+Ber vs. Olan, or Olan+Met vs. Olan). * denotes significant expression change at P<0.05; ** denotes significant expression change at P<0.01; ***denotes significant expression change at P<0.001.