Table 1.
Review of the literature
| Author | Year | ≥10 Cardiac Rhabdomyomas |
Fetal diagnosis |
Location of Tumor |
Fetal arrhythmias |
Types of Fetal Arrhythmias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miyake (20) | 2011 | 106 | 42 | nn | 17 | nn |
| Atalay(3) | 2010 | 3 | RA,RV, LV | 1 | PAC | |
| Yinon (22) | 2010 | 33 | 33 | LV, RV, IVS, RA, intra-arterial septum | 2 | SVT |
| Degueldre (23) | 2010 | 73 | 20 | LA, RA, LV, RV, IAS, IVS | nn | WPW, SVT |
| Mariano (24) | 2009 | 3 | LA, LV, RV, IVS | nn | nn | |
| Isaacs (25) | 2009 | 26 | 26 | nn | 13 | unclassified |
| Kamil (26) | 2008 | 19 | 19 | nn | 8 | unclassified |
| De Wilde (27) | 2007 | 1 | nn | 1 | pre-excitation, bundle brunch block, compete heart block | |
| Kagan (28) | 2004 | 1 | LV wall | 1 | bradycardia | |
| Isaacs (6) | 2004 | 57 | 57 | RV, LV, IVS, multiple sites | 9 | |
| Akalin (29) | 2004 | no | LV myocardium, lateral wall, IVS, LVOT | 0 | postnatal PACs, PVCs | |
| Emmel(30) | 2004 | 1 | intracardiac | 1 | SVT | |
| Yen(31) | 2003 | no | nn | 1 | postnatal SVT | |
| Pipitone (11) | 2002 | 9 | IVS | 3 | SVES, paroxysmal SVT | |
| Geipel (32) | 2001 | 12 | 10 | LA, RA, LV, RV and IVS | 3 | SVT |
| Choi (33) | 2000 | 1 | LV,RV,IVS | 1 | bradyarrhythmia | |
| Mas (34) | 2000 | 1 | RA, RV, LV | 1 | persistent tachycardia | |
| Sallee (35) | 1999 | 11 | 6 | RA,LA,LV, RV, septum | 2 | irregular heart rate |
| Beghetti (36) | 1997 | 44 | nn | LV,RV, IVS,LVOT,RVOT,LA,RA, SVC, IVC | 2 | SVT, fetal tachycardia, bradycardia |
| Wu (37) | 1997 | 1 | RV inlet portion | 1 | SVT | |
| Chaban (38) | 1996 | 1 | IVS,LV, RV, atrial septum | 1 | bradycardia | |
| Coates (39) | 1994 | IVS | nn | SVT, atrial flutter, AV-block, fetal death | ||
| Scurry (40) | 1992 | no | nn | 1 | postnatal SVT | |
| Brand (41) | 1992 | 1 | LV | 1 | fetal tachycardia | |
| Jan (42) | 1991 | 1 | LV, RV | 1 | bradycardia | |
| Kim (43) | 1989 | 1 | LV | 1 | SVT | |
| Hamner (44) | 1989 | RA, RV | 1 | SVT with subsequent heart block during labor | ||
| Alkalay (45) | 1987 | no | IVS, LVOT, ventricular myocardium | 1 | persistent irregular heart beat | |
| Hoadley (13) | 1986 | 1 | LV apex, IVS, RVOT | 1 | occasional short run of tachycardia, irregular heart beat | |
| Birnbaum (12) | 1985 | 1 | LV apex, RV apex | 1 | SVT, PAC |
nn= not known, RA= right atrium, RV= right ventricle, LA=left atrium, LV left ventricle, IVS= interventricular septum, IAS=interarterial septum, LVOT=left ventricular outflow tract, RVOT= right ventricular outflow tract
PAC=premature atrial contraction, PVC = premature ventricular contraction, WPW=Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, SVT= supraventricular tachycardia, SVES= supraventricular extrasystolies, VES= ventricular extrasystolies