Table 2.
Variable | ADHD symptoms |
Autistic traits |
|||
1–2 | ≥3 | 1–2 | 3–5 | ≥6 | |
Smoking | |||||
Ever smoked tobacco | 1.11 [0.83, 1.47] | 1.09 [0.80, 1.48] | 0.94 [0.71, 1.26] | 0.86 [0.63, 1.18] | 1.02 [0.72, 1.44] |
Regular tobacco smoking | 1.17 [0.97, 1.41] | 1.24*b [1.00, 1.54] | 1.21 [0.98, 1.50] | 1.46**ab [1.16, 1.84] | 1.79**a [1.40, 2.28] |
DSM-IV nicotine dependence | 1.20 [0.96, 1.49] | 1.52**b [1.22, 1.90] | 1.25 [0.96, 1.62] | 1.84**ab [1.40, 2.43] | 2.30**a [1.74, 3.06] |
DSM-IV nicotine dependence (conditional on regular use, n = 1,273) | 1.10 [0.82, 1.47] | 1.62**a [1.19, 2.21] | 1.13 [0.80, 1.60] | 1.74**a [1.20, 2.51] | 2.07**a [1.42, 3.00] |
Alcohol | |||||
Monthly drinking | 1.23 [0.87, 1.74] | 0.98 [0.68, 1.39] | 0.98 [0.68, 1.42] | 0.75 [0.51, 1.10] | 0.76 [0.50, 1.15] |
Drinking to intoxication | 1.36 [0.99, 1.84] | 1.02 [0.75, 1.38] | 0.99 [0.72, 1.36] | 0.70* [0.50, 0.97] | 0.71 [0.49, 1.03] |
DSM-IV alcohol dependence | 1.50**a [1.21, 1.86] | 1.91**a [1.52, 2.39] | 1.06 [0.82, 1.38] | 1.23 [0.94, 1.61] | 1.42*a [1.07, 1.87] |
DSM-IV alcohol dependence (conditional on monthly use, n = 2,809) | 1.50**a [1.20, 1.86] | 1.96**a [1.55, 2.46] | 1.07 [0.82, 1.39] | 1.28 [0.98, 1.68] | 1.47**a [1.11, 1.95] |
Cannabis | |||||
Ever used cannabis | 1.34** [1.09, 1.64] | 1.17 [0.93, 1.47] | 1.10 [0.89, 1.36] | 1.06 [0.84, 1.35] | 1.15 [0.89, 1.49] |
Used cannabis ≥11 times | 1.31*ab [1.06, 1.61] | 1.09 [0.87, 1.37] | 1.35*a [1.07, 1.70] | 1.36*a [1.06, 1.75] | 1.75**b [1.35, 2.28] |
DSM-IV cannabis abuse/dependence | 1.24 [0.95, 1.62] | 1.41*ab [1.07, 1.85] | 1.32 [0.96, 1.81] | 1.46*a [1.05, 2.04] | 2.02**b [1.44, 2.85] |
DSM-IV cannabis abuse/dependence (conditional on repeated use, n = 946) | 1.07 [0.77, 1.49] | 1.68** [1.16, 2.43] | 1.03 [0.68, 1.57] | 1.21 [0.79, 1.85] | 1.50 [0.96, 2.33] |
Notes: ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition.
Odds ratios with identical superscripts could be statistically equated to each other at p > .05.
Indicates significant at p < .05;
indicates significant at p < .008, which refers to the Bonferroni correction for two phenotypes (ADHD vs. autistic traits) and three substances (alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis), that is, .05 / 6 = .0083.