Table 1.

Characteristics of the Sample of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients at Six University Hospital Sites

	All	UC	BWH	UCSF	UI	UNM	UW	P*
	(n = 1,326)	(n = 647)	(n = 27)	(n = 306)	(n = 70)	(n = 156)	(n = 120)
Age, mean (SD)	64.5 (19.8)	64.0 (20.2)	62.1 (18.3)	69.8 (19.1)	62.2 (18.8)	58.4 (18.2)	64.4 (18.8)	< 0.001
Female, %	56.7	62.4	51.9	51.5	55.7	52.6	45.8	0.002
Black, %	42.0	78.1	14.8	12.1	2.9	1.3	5.8	< 0.001
Insurance
Private, %	11.1	17.3	9.5	2.0	2.9	14.3	4.2	< 0.001
Medicare, %	61.2	55.9	52.4	73.5	68.1	42.9	67.5	< 0.001
Medicaid, %	15.4	20.9	14.3	12.1	5.8	10.4	3.3	< 0.001
None, %	12.3	5.9	23.8	12.4	23.2	32.5	25.0	< 0.001
Health: fair or poor, %	49.1	47.8	57.7	51.7	50.0	50.7	44.7	0.72
Charlson index, mean (SD)	1.2 (1.3)	1.2 (1.2)	1.2 (1.1)	1.2 (1.3)	1.5 (1.5)	0.6 (1.1)	1.2 (1.3)	< 0.001
Weekend admission, %	25.2	23.8	48.2	29.7	21.4	—	18.3	0.005
Days to maximum stabilization, mean (SD)	3.1 (3.4)	2.9 (3.4)	3.7 (3.9)	3.0 (3.3)	4.3 (3.6)	—	3.5 (3.3)	0.004
# Factors stabilized before discharge, mean (SD)	6.3 (0.9)	6.4 (0.9)	5.9 (1.0)	6.3 (1.0)	6.4 (0.9)	6.3 (1.0)	6.2 (0.9)	0.05
Discharged with ≥ 1 instability, %	42.9	39.7	55.6	41.5	41.4	46.8	56.7	0.01
Length of Stay, mean (SD)	5.0 (4.3)	4.5 (4.0)	7.3 (7.1)	5.2 (4.8)	5.8 (4.2)	5.2 (4.4)	5.4 (3.6)	0.000
In-hospital mortality, %	3.4	3.4	7.4	4.9	1.4	2.0	1.7	0.29
30-day mortality, %	8.2	7.0	11.1	11.8	4.3	—	7.5	0.08
Total hospitalization cost, $ mean (SD)	9,347 (12,408)	9,126 (11,270)	14,098 (21,049)	11,318 (16,633)	6,290 (5,199)	7,820 (9,756)	8,173 (7,218)	0.002

UC University of Chicago, BWH Brigham and Women’s Hospital, UCSF University of California at San Francisco, UI University of Iowa, UNM University of New Mexico, UW University of Wisconsin

*P values indicate tests of differences across sites by ANOVA or Chi-square tests

—Data not available