Table 3.
Predictors* of Attending a Primary Care Visit Within 12 Months of Delivery, Stratified by Medicaid and Commercial Health Insurance
| Characteristic | Medicaid insurance | Commercial insurance | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95 % CI | p value | OR | 95 % CI | p value | |
| N = 12,341 | N = 3,475 | |||||
| Race/ethnicity† (Black = ref) | ||||||
| White | 1.37 | 1.24–1.50 | < 0.001 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Hispanic | 1.23 | 1.00–1.50 | 0.05 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Other races | 0.86 | 0.60–1.23 | 0.41 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Age (Age 18–24 = ref) | ||||||
| Age ≤ 17 | 0.98 | 0.87–1.11 | 0.78 | 0.28 | 0.02–3.36 | 0.32 |
| Age 25–34 | 1.28 | 1.17–1.39 | < 0.001 | 0.88 | 0.66–1.17 | 0.38 |
| Age > 35 | 1.42 | 1.21–1.67 | < 0.001 | 0.89 | 0.65–1.22 | 0.47 |
| Pregnancy and delivery complications | ||||||
| Any hypertensive disorder in pregnancy | 0.92 | 0.70–1.20 | 0.53 | 0.94 | 0.51–1.71 | 0.83 |
| Chronic hypertension in pregnancy | 1.14 | 0.88–1.47 | 0.33 | 1.62 | 0.90–2.90 | 0.11 |
| Preeclampsia or eclampsia | 1.24 | 1.03–1.51 | 0.03 | 1.28 | 0.83–1.98 | 0.27 |
| Gestational hypertension | 1.17 | 0.91–1.51 | 0.23 | 1.44 | 0.80–2.59 | 0.22 |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus | 1.00 | 0.87–1.15 | 0.99 | 1.18 | 0.95–1.45 | 0.13 |
| Pregestational diabetes | 1.70 | 1.27–2.28 | < 0.001 | 1.65 | 0.96–2.85 | 0.07 |
| Preterm delivery | 0.91 | 0.81–1.02 | 0.11 | 1.05 | 0.81–1.35 | 0.74 |
| Cesarean delivery | 1.01 | 0.93–1.10 | 0.78 | 1.14 | 0.98–1.32 | 0.08 |
| Other medical illnesses | ||||||
| Thyroid disease | 1.96 | 1.53–2.50 | < 0.001 | 1.79 | 1.37–2.34 | < 0.001 |
| HIV | 0.90 | 0.57–1.42 | 0.65 | 3.35 | 0.35–31.78 | 0.29 |
| Asthma | 1.35 | 1.22–1.49 | < 0.001 | 1.43 | 1.12–1.84 | 0.01 |
| Substance use and mental health | ||||||
| Either drug or alcohol use | 1.07 | 0.92–1.26 | 0.38 | 0.65 | 0.17–2.46 | 0.52 |
| Current smoking | 0.89 | 0.82–0.96 | 0.004 | 1.31 | 1.08–1.59 | 0.01 |
| Depression | 1.25 | 1.06–1.47 | 0.01 | 1.17 | 0.83–1.66 | 0.37 |
| Other mental disorders complicating pregnancy | 1.01 | 0.90–1.13 | 0.89 | 1.60 | 1.17–2.20 | 0.003 |
| Insurance coverage | ||||||
| Any preconception coverage | 1.12 | 1.03–1.21 | 0.01 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Medicaid eligibility based on pregnancy | 0.90 | 0.83–0.98 | 0.09 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Neighborhood characteristics (tertile 2 = ref) | ||||||
| % Black residents | ||||||
| Tertile 1 (lowest) | 1.05 | 0.95–1.16 | 0.36 | 0.99 | 0.81–1.21 | 0.95 |
| Tertile 3 (highest) | 0.96 | 0.86–1.06 | 0.41 | 0.75 | 0.62–0.89 | 0.001 |
| % age > 25 without HS diploma | ||||||
| Tertile 1 (lowest) | 1.03 | 0.92–1.16 | 0.56 | 0.71 | 0.60–0.85 | < 0.001 |
| Tertile 3 (highest) | 1.28 | 1.15–1.41 | < 0.001 | 1.09 | 0.86–1.37 | 0.48 |
| % residents below federal poverty level | ||||||
| Tertile 1 (lowest) | 0.93 | 0.83–1.04 | 0.19 | 1.17 | 0.96–1.44 | 0.13 |
| Tertile 3 (highest) | 1.12 | 1.00–1.26 | 0.06 | 1.22 | 0.96–1.56 | 0.11 |
CI confidence interval; HS high school; OR odds ratio; N/A not available in the dataset for commercial insurance plan
*Models adjusted for listed variables, as well as other medical complications of pregnancy, drug use and smoking, neighborhood characteristics, access to care during pregnancy and preconception
†Race/ethnicity information available in Medicaid data only