Figure 11.

Simulated boundary vector cells in two-dimensional environments. For the simulated cells, velocity was taken as the component of velocity in the southern direction. The input function f(x) was set to be non-zero when the animal was within 3 cm from a northern wall of the enclosure. Spatial trajectories were actual paths taken by rats for the various environments (see methods for details). Top, The Laplace transform F(s) mimics border cells. Bottom, The inverse Laplace transform f̃(x*) mimics boundary vector cells. The simulations correspond well with experimental results from Lever et al. (2009).