Table 2. Characteristics of patients with golf ball-related ocular injuries.
| No. | Initial VA | Eyewear | BETT | Open-globe injurya | OTS (cat.) | Place | Self-injuryb | Eyeball preservationc | Final VA | Final FU (weeks) | OWF/reduction surgery | Can. injury | Sx | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | F/35 | NLP | No | Rup. | ZoneIII | 26 (1) | Fieldd | No | Failed (105D) | — | 47 | Yes/yes | Yes | 5 | |
| 2 | M/47 | NLP | No | Rup. | ZoneIII | 37 (1) | Field | No | Failed (0D) | — | 68 | Yes/yes | Yes | 2 | |
| 3 | F/62 | NLP | No | Rup. | ZoneIII | 37 (1) | Field | No | Failed (99D) | — | 25 | Yes/yes | No | 5 | |
| 4 | F/54 | NLP | No | Rup. | ZoneIII | 37 (1) | Field | No | Failed (2D) | — | 19 | Yes/no | No | 2 | |
| 5 | M/37 | NLP | No | Rup. | ZoneIII | 37 (1) | Rangee | Yes | Failed (56D) | — | 14 | Yes/no | No | 2 | |
| 6 | M/58 | NLP | Yes | Penet. | ZoneIII | 46 (2) | Range | Yes | Preserved | NLP | 54 | Yes/no | No | 3 | Phthisis bulbi at last FU |
| 7 | F/30 | NLP | Yes | Penet. | ZoneIII | 46 (2) | Field | No | Preserved | NLP | 45 | Yes/yes | No | 4 | Phthisis bulbi at last FU |
| 8 | F/27 | HM | No | Contu. | — | 49 (2) | Field | No | Preserved | HM | 63 | No | No | 1 | RD, subfoveal choroidal rup. |
| 9 | M/27 | HM | Yes | Penet. | ZoneI | 56 (2) | Range | No | Preserved | 20/200 | 48 | Yes/yes | No | 4 | Traumatic macular hole |
| 10 | M/64 | HM | No | Contu. | — | 59 (2) | Range | Yes | Preserved | 20/100 | 6 | No | No | 1 | RD, SRH |
| 11 | M/68 | HM | Yes | Contu. | — | 70 (3) | Field | No | Preserved | 20/20 | 26 | No | No | 1 | Lens subluxation |
| 12 | M/46 | HM | No | Contu. | — | 70 (3) | Field | Yes | Preserved | 20/20 | 1 | No | No | 0 | |
| 13 | M/64 | HM | No | Contu. | — | 70 (3) | Field | No | Preserved | 20/40 | 47 | Yes/no | No | 1 | Lens subluxation, commotio retinae |
| 14 | M/30 | HM | No | Contu. | — | 70 (3) | Range | Yes | Preserved | 20/100 | 13 | Yes/no | Yes | 2 | Lens subluxation, commotio retinae |
| 15 | M/56 | 20/250 | No | Contu. | — | 70 (3) | Field | No | Preserved | 20/250 | 56 | No | No | 0 | Traumatic optic neuropathy |
| 16 | M/26 | 20/80 | Yes | Penet. | ZoneII | 76 (3) | Range | Yes | Preserved | 20/100 | 20 | No | Yes | 0 | |
| 17 | M/72 | 20/500 | No | Contu. | — | 80 (3) | Field | No | Preserved | 20/20 | 8 | No | No | 0 | |
| 18 | M/67 | 20/63 | Yes | Contu. | — | 90 (4) | Field | No | Preserved | 20/20 | 1 | No | No | 1 | Lens subluxation |
| 19 | F/42 | 20/20 | No | Contu. | — | 100 (5) | Field | No | Preserved | 20/20 | 6 | Yes/no | No | 0 | Peripheral choroidal rup. |
| 20 | M/56 | 20/20 | No | Contu | — | 100 (5) | Range | Yes | Preserved | 20/20 | 23 | Yes/no | No | 1 | Lens subluxation, Nasal choroidal rup. |
| 21 | M/56 | 20/40 | Yes | Contu | — | 100 (5) | Field | No | Preserved | 20/40 | 2 | No | No | 0 | Parafoveal choroidal rup. |
| 22 | M/42 | 20/32 | Yes | Contu | — | 100 (5) | Range | Yes | Preserved | 20/20 | 7 | No | No | 0 |
Abbreviations: BETT, Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology classification; Can., canalicular; Contu., contusion; Cat., category; FU, follow-up; HM, hand motion; NLP, no light perception; OTS, Ocular Trauma Score; OWF, orbital wall fracture; Penet., penetrating injury; RD, retinal detachment; Rup., rupture; SRH, subretinal hemorrhage; Sx, number of surgeries required; VA, visual acuity.
a
The injury location according to the Ocular Trauma Classification Group.
b
Patients injured by their own golf ball that ricocheted off a column, wall, or tree.
c
The number in parentheses indicates the number of days that elapsed after presentation that evisceration was performed.
d
Golf course.
e
Golf driving range.