Table 2. [1H]MRS data.
| Healthy control |
ADHD |
P1-value | P2-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Medicated | Not medicated | ||||
| Basal ganglia | ||||||
| Cho | 1.27 (0.27) | 1.12 (0.2) | 1.13 (0.18) | 1.11 (0.59) | 0.043* | 0.966 |
| Cr | 6.18 (1.32) | 5.19 (0.56) | 5.21 (0.58) | 5.18 (0.56) | 0.001** | 0.996 |
| NAA | 6.48 (1.34) | 5.27 (0.75) | 5.22 (0.48) | 5.31 (0.90) | 0.000** | 0.966 |
| Glx | 11.94 (1.7) | 10.61 (1.0) | 10.4 (1.21) | 10.7 (0.82) | 0.002** | 0.727 |
| Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | ||||||
| Cho | 1.24 (0.3) | 1.09 (0.12) | 1.06 (0.14) | 1.11 (0.10) | 0.040* | 0.701 |
| Cr | 4.37 (0.75) | 3.85 (0.29) | 3.85 (0.36) | 3.86 (0.25) | 0.001** | 0.999 |
| NAA | 6.38 (1.18) | 5.71 (0.44) | 5.69 (0.53) | 5.72 (0.39) | 0.006* | 0.994 |
| Glx | 7.84 (1.43) | 7.42 (0.87) | 7.44 (1.15) | 7.41 (0.65) | 0.261 | 0.994 |
| Parietal cortex | ||||||
| Cho | 1.03 (0.23) | 0.95 (0.17) | 0.91 (0.16) | 0.97 (0.17) | 0.234 | 0.604 |
| Cr | 4.86 (0.64) | 4.67 (0.57) | 4.61 (0.55) | 4.71 (0.58) | 0.365 | 0.842 |
| NAA | 7.14 (1.03) | 6.56 (0.54 ) | 6.44 (0.56) | 6.64 (0.53) | 0.022* | 0.699 |
| Glx | 10.13 (1.74) | 9.03 (1.40) | 9.45 (1.44) | 8.76 (1.33) | 0.060 | 0.342 |
Abbreviations: [1H]MRS, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; Cho, choline; Cr, creatine plus phosphocreatine; Glx, glutamate and glutamine; NAA, N-acetylaspartate.
Data are given as mean (s.d.); *significant at P<0.05, uncorrected for multiple comparisons; **significant at P<0.05 after conservative Bonferroni correction for multiple (12) comparisons.
P1, controls vs ADHD (both stimulant naive and medicated) t-test; P2, ADHD naive vs ADHD medicated.