Table 3.

Systemic effects of MetS.

Renal	Microalbuminuria, hypofiltration, hyperfiltration, glomerulomegaly, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and chronic kidney disease [99].
Hepatic	Increased serum transaminase, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatic fibrosis, and cirrhosis [100].
Skin	Acanthosis nigricans, lichen planus, systemic lupus erythematosus, burn-induced insulin resistance, psoriasis, androgenetic alopecia, skin tags, skin cancer, and acne inversa [101].
Ocular	Nondiabetic retinopathy, age related cataract-nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular; central retinal artery occlusion, primary open angle glaucoma, oculomotor nerve palsy, and lower lid entropion [102].
Sleep	Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) [103].
Reproductive system	Hypogonadism, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and erectile dysfunction [104].
Cardiovascular system	Coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke [105].
Cancers	Breast, pancreas, and prostrate [106].