Comparative two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis analysis of protein expression patterns in membranes of cardiac cells from Clcn3+/+ and Clcn3−/− mice. (A) representative 2D gel depicts Coomassie-stained proteins from wild-type (Clcn3+/+) mouse heart. (B) Representative 2D gel depicts Coomassie-stained proteins from Clcn3−/− mouse heart. (C) Spot sets created from images of 2D gels of both wild-type and Clcn3−/− mouse heart run under the same conditions as the gels in A and B and compared using Bio-Rad PDQuest version 7.1.1 software. Three gels were run for each mouse heart type; two hearts were pooled to provide proteins for each gel. The filled symbols indicate changes in protein patterns in Clcn3−/− compared to wild type. A total of 35 proteins consistently changed (minimum criteria: more than twofold change) in membranes from Clcn3−/− mouse heart in all 3 experiments (6 missing proteins, 2 new proteins, 9 upregulated proteins, 15 downregulated proteins, and 2 translocated proteins). The open squares (□) in A, B, and C indicate the location (molecular mass 85 kDa and pI 6.9) of the ClC-3 protein spot (No. 3812) in the 2D gels, which was independently confirmed by Western blotting using a specific anti-ClC-3 C670~687 antibody (174). [Copyright Request: Yamamoto-Mizuma et al. (174) with permission from Blackwell Publishing].