Skip to main content
. 2014 Mar 26;9(3):e88524. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088524

Table 3. Factors across the life course and health related quality of life – physical component summary measure (PCS) (N = 1463).

Model A Model B Model C
Exposure Beta coefficient (95% CI) P Beta coefficient (95% CI) P Beta coefficient (95% CI) P
Family background Father's occupational social class at 4 years Non-manual Reference <0.0001 Reference <0.0001 Reference 0.32
Manual −2.34 (−3.39, −1.28) −1.92 (−2.97, −0.86) −0.58 (−1.71, 0.56)
Mother's health summary at 15 years Excellent Reference <0.0001 Reference <0.0001 Reference <0.0001
Average −2.83 (−4.06, −1.61) −2.37 (−3.61, −1.14) −2.17 (−3.38, −0.97)
Poor −6.18 (−8.78, −3.57) −5.70 (−8.30, −3.10) −5.07 (−7.62, −2.51)
Childhood physical health and personality Serious illness (0–15 years) None Reference 0.05 Reference 0.098 Reference 0.12
Yes −1.47 (−2.95, 0.01) −1.23 (−2.69, 0.23) −1.14 (−2.57, 0.28)
Lower respiratory infection (0–2 years) None Reference 0.08 Reference 0.49 Reference 0.70
At least one attack −1.11 (−2.34, 0.13) −0.43 (−1.66, 0.80) 0.24 (−0.96, 1.44)
Neuroticism at 15 years
Neuroticism at 15 years −6 to −2 (least neurotic) Reference 0.02 Reference 0.06 Reference 0.14
−1 to 1 −1.97 (−3.46, −0.49) −1.60 (−3.07, −0.14) −1.43 (−2.86, −0.0008)
2 to 6 (most neurotic) −1.18 (−2.35, −0.02) −1.06 (−2.21, 0.10) −0.62 (−1.76, 0.52)
Adult social factors and health behaviours Highest education qualification achieved by 26 years No qualifications Reference <0.0001 Reference 0.27
Ordinary level 1.82 (0.47, 3.16) 0.42 (−0.94, 1.77)
Advanced level 2.61 (1.26, 3.97) 0.64 (−0.79, 2.06)
Degree level or above 5.14 (3.35, 6.93) 1.92 (0.004, 3.85)
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) at age 53 years < 20 Reference <0.0001 Reference <0.0001
≥20 −<25 −1.54 (−5.41, 2.34) −0.51 (−4.30, 3.27)
≥25 −<30 −1.54 (−2.8, −0.33) −1.37 (−2.55, −0.19)
≥ 30 −4.93(−6.38, −3.49) −4.31 (−5.73, −2.90)
Physical activity per week at 53 years None Reference 0.00001 Reference 0.005
Less than once/week 2.09 (0.68, 3.49) 0.92 (−0.46, 2.30)
More than once/week 3.27 (2.09, 4.44) 1.95 (0.78, 3.12)
Lifetime smoking trajectory to 53 years Never smoker Reference <0.0001 Reference <0.0001
Predominantly non-smoker 0.33 (−0.93, 1.60) 0.12 (−1.11, 1.36)
Predominantly smoker −2.29 (−3.76, −0.82) −1.87 (−3.32, −0.42)
Lifelong smoker −5.35 (−7.06, −3.64) −4.42 (−6.13, −2.71)

Model A: univariable regression analysis for those with complete covariate data; Model B multivariable regression: includes childhood psychosocial factors; and personality; Model C: includes all factors in Model B and adult social factors and health behaviours.