Table 3. Factors across the life course and health related quality of life – physical component summary measure (PCS) (N = 1463).
| Model A | Model B | Model C | ||||||
| Exposure | Beta coefficient (95% CI) | P | Beta coefficient (95% CI) | P | Beta coefficient (95% CI) | P | ||
| Family background | Father's occupational social class at 4 years | Non-manual | Reference | <0.0001 | Reference | <0.0001 | Reference | 0.32 |
| Manual | −2.34 (−3.39, −1.28) | −1.92 (−2.97, −0.86) | −0.58 (−1.71, 0.56) | |||||
| Mother's health summary at 15 years | Excellent | Reference | <0.0001 | Reference | <0.0001 | Reference | <0.0001 | |
| Average | −2.83 (−4.06, −1.61) | −2.37 (−3.61, −1.14) | −2.17 (−3.38, −0.97) | |||||
| Poor | −6.18 (−8.78, −3.57) | −5.70 (−8.30, −3.10) | −5.07 (−7.62, −2.51) | |||||
| Childhood physical health and personality | Serious illness (0–15 years) | None | Reference | 0.05 | Reference | 0.098 | Reference | 0.12 |
| Yes | −1.47 (−2.95, 0.01) | −1.23 (−2.69, 0.23) | −1.14 (−2.57, 0.28) | |||||
| Lower respiratory infection (0–2 years) | None | Reference | 0.08 | Reference | 0.49 | Reference | 0.70 | |
| At least one attack | −1.11 (−2.34, 0.13) | −0.43 (−1.66, 0.80) | 0.24 (−0.96, 1.44) | |||||
| Neuroticism at 15 years | ||||||||
| Neuroticism at 15 years | −6 to −2 (least neurotic) | Reference | 0.02 | Reference | 0.06 | Reference | 0.14 | |
| −1 to 1 | −1.97 (−3.46, −0.49) | −1.60 (−3.07, −0.14) | −1.43 (−2.86, −0.0008) | |||||
| 2 to 6 (most neurotic) | −1.18 (−2.35, −0.02) | −1.06 (−2.21, 0.10) | −0.62 (−1.76, 0.52) | |||||
| Adult social factors and health behaviours | Highest education qualification achieved by 26 years | No qualifications | Reference | <0.0001 | Reference | 0.27 | ||
| Ordinary level | 1.82 (0.47, 3.16) | 0.42 (−0.94, 1.77) | ||||||
| Advanced level | 2.61 (1.26, 3.97) | 0.64 (−0.79, 2.06) | ||||||
| Degree level or above | 5.14 (3.35, 6.93) | 1.92 (0.004, 3.85) | ||||||
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) at age 53 years | < 20 | Reference | <0.0001 | Reference | <0.0001 | |||
| ≥20 −<25 | −1.54 (−5.41, 2.34) | −0.51 (−4.30, 3.27) | ||||||
| ≥25 −<30 | −1.54 (−2.8, −0.33) | −1.37 (−2.55, −0.19) | ||||||
| ≥ 30 | −4.93(−6.38, −3.49) | −4.31 (−5.73, −2.90) | ||||||
| Physical activity per week at 53 years | None | Reference | 0.00001 | Reference | 0.005 | |||
| Less than once/week | 2.09 (0.68, 3.49) | 0.92 (−0.46, 2.30) | ||||||
| More than once/week | 3.27 (2.09, 4.44) | 1.95 (0.78, 3.12) | ||||||
| Lifetime smoking trajectory to 53 years | Never smoker | Reference | <0.0001 | Reference | <0.0001 | |||
| Predominantly non-smoker | 0.33 (−0.93, 1.60) | 0.12 (−1.11, 1.36) | ||||||
| Predominantly smoker | −2.29 (−3.76, −0.82) | −1.87 (−3.32, −0.42) | ||||||
| Lifelong smoker | −5.35 (−7.06, −3.64) | −4.42 (−6.13, −2.71) |
Model A: univariable regression analysis for those with complete covariate data; Model B multivariable regression: includes childhood psychosocial factors; and personality; Model C: includes all factors in Model B and adult social factors and health behaviours.