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. 2014 Mar 26;9(3):e92383. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092383

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© 2014 Wickramarathna et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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The mean displacement is the mean of distances traveled between two subsequent observations (black dots). The net displacement is the straight-line distance between the initial and final locations, and the gross displacement is the sum of distances . The mean turning angle is the trigonometric mean of angles formed by changes in direction between observations [32].

Inline graphic — The mean displacement is the mean of distances traveled between two subsequent observations (black dots). The net displacement is the straight-line distance between the initial and final locations, and the gross displacement is the sum of distances . The mean turning angle is the trigonometric mean of angles formed by changes in direction between observations [32].