Figure 6. Differences in the flight angle of gannets with or without GPS.
Frequency distributions (a, c) and box plots (b, d) of the body pitch angle of gannets (see text for full explanation) calculated over 10 minute flight period and while carrying different payloads at different positions. (a, b) Non-GPS birds (N = 4) were fitted with 15 g accelerometers on their back as were GPS birds (N = 4) which, in addition, carried a 30 g dummy GPS also under the tail. No significant difference in the body pitch angle was revealed between the 2 groups. (c, d) AccTail birds (N = 3) were fitted with 15 g accelerometers under their tail as were Acc+GPStail birds (N = 3) which, in addition, carried a 30 g dummy GPS also under the tail. The difference in the tail pitching moment between the 2 groups is significant (Mann-Whitney U test, z = 294.9, P<0.001).