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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hepatology. 2014 Feb 18;59(4):1435–1447. doi: 10.1002/hep.26790

Figure 2. Immunostaining for SDF1α in liver tissue samples from HCC patients.

Figure 2

Paraffin embedded tissue sections were stained for SDF1α by immunohistochemistry. A,B SDF1α expression in non-malignant liver tissue (A) was consistently lower than in malignant HCC tumor area (B). Both in cirrhotic liver tissue (C) and in HCC nodules (D), SDF1α expression was colocalized with ECM components/fibrous septa supporting the potential pro-fibrotic role of SDF1α in human hepatic fibrogenesis and HCC desmoplasia. E, Specimens of tumors that re-occurred after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation – both of which are known to cause severe hypoxia – consistently showed high expression of SDF1α, which was also associated with more pronounced desmoplasia in HCC area. Error bars represent score ± SEM (n=10 regions of interest per sample).