Table 1.

Oncogenic Risk Factors Resulting from Induction of Pluripotency

1. Integration of gene delivery vectors and transgenes into host cells

2. Chromosomal damage during the reprogramming process

3. Clonal selection for oncogenic or transformed colonies during PSC expansion

4. Incomplete reprogramming

5. Failure to silence pluripotency networks in differentiated progeny

6. DNA damage accumulated during the cell culture or resulting from somatic mutations

7. Aberrant regulation of the imprinting process