Effect of CS5931 on HUVEC proliferation. The cells were incubated in the absence or presence of certain concentrations of CS5931 at 37 °C for 24 h, 48 h (A) and 10 h (B) and cell viability was determined by MTT assay as described in the Materials and Methods section. (C) Cells were stained by PI/Hoechst 33258 after they were treated with 0 (1), 10 (2), 20 (3), 30 (4), 40 μg/mL (5) CS5931 for 24 h and pictures were taken using a fluorescence microscopy. The apoptotic cell with bright blue fluorescence was indicated by an arrow. Results are normalized to untreated cells. All experiments were repeated more than three times. Values represent the means ± SD of triplicate measurements. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 versus medium control.