Table 2.
Validity, reliability, and measurement error of 4 different questionnaires evaluating patients with forefoot disorders. Correlation analyses compared SEFAS with the other questionnaires. Data are presented as mean with 95% confidence interval (CI), as standard deviation (SD), or as percentage (%). Agreement is presented as Smethod with CV% witihin brackets
| Questionnnaires | Validity |
Floor and ceiling effects (%) | Test mean (SD) | Reliability |
Cronbach's α | Agreement | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spearman Rho (CI) | Pearson (CI) | Retest mean (SD) | ICC (CI) | Smethod | ||||
| No. | 118 | 118 | 118 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 118 | 37 |
| SEFAS | _ | _ | 0 | 29 (8) | 30 (8) | 0.92 (0.85–0.96) | 0.84 | 2.3 (8%) |
| FAOS | ||||||||
| Pain | 0.82 (0.75–0.87) | 0.83 (0.76–0.88) | 3 | 66 (21) | 70 (19) | 0.91 (0.84–0.95) | 0.91 | 6.6 (10%) |
| Symptoms | 0.64 (0.52–0.74) | 0.63 (0.51–0.73) | 8 | 79 (15) | 83 (15) | 0.81 (0.67–0.90) | 0.78 | 6.9 (9%) |
| ADL | 0.75 (0.66–0.82) | 0.75 (0.65–0.82) | 8 | 78 (22) | 81 (19) | 0.92 (0.85–0.96) | 0.97 | 6.1 (8%) |
| Sport/Recreation | 0.52 (0.37–0.64) | 0.52 (0.37–0.64) | 12 | 53 (28) | 48 (28) | 0.81 (0.66–0.90) | 0.89 | 12.4 (25%) |
| Quality of life | 0.75 (0.66–0.82) | 0.74 (0.65–0.81) | 2 | 44 (20) | 46 (21) | 0.79 (0.62–0.88) | 0.81 | 9.4 (21%) |
| EQ-5D | 0.57 (0.43–0.68) | 0.60 (0.47–0.71) | 15 | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.72 (0.51–0.85) | 0.52 | 0.1 (19%) |
| Visual analog scale (VAS) | 0.41 (0.25–0.55) | 0.46 (0.30–0.59) | 4 | 72 (20) | 73 (16) | 0.92 (0.85–0.96) | – | 4.6 (6%) |
| SF-36 | ||||||||
| Physical functioning (PF) | 0.69 (0.58–0.78) | 0.72 (0.62–0.80) | 4 | 66 (23) | 66 (20) | 0.85 (0.73–0.92) | 0.88 | 8.1 (12%) |
| Role limitations, | ||||||||
| physical (RP) | 0.43 (0.27–0.57) | 0.44 (0.28–0.57) | 58 | 64 (41) | 64 (42) | 0.82 (0.67–0.90) | 0.86 | 16.6 (26%) |
| Bodily pain (BP) | 0.71 (0.61–0.79) | 0.73 (0.63–0.80) | 3 | 46 (18) | 49 (18) | 0.82 (0.68–0.91) | 0.84 | 7.9 (17%) |
| General health (GH) | 0.27 (0.09–0.43) | 0.31 (0.13–0.46) | 7 | 77 (17) | 78 (19) | 0.74 (0.53–0.86) | 0.81 | 8.9 (11%) |
| Vitality (VT) | 0.48 (0.33–0.61) | 0.52 (0.37–0.64) | 2 | 62 (23) | 69 (19) | 0.86 (0.73–0.93) | 0.82 | 9.1 (14%) |
| Social functioning (SF) | 0.40 (0.24–0.54) | 0.39 (0.22–0.53) | 50 | 88 (19) | 88 (19) | 0.76 (0.58–0.87) | 0.80 | 9.3 (11%) |
| Role limitation, | ||||||||
| emotional (RE) | 0.19 (0.01–0.36) | 0.18 (–0.01–0.35) | 74 | 90 (24) | 87 (30) | 0.66 ( 0.42–0.81) | 0.78 | 13.0 (15%) |
| Mental health (MH) | 0.26 (0.08–0.42) | 0.25 (0.07–0.41) | 7 | 80 (18) | 82 (17) | 0.90 (0.82–0.95) | 0.82 | 5.8 (7%) |