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Saliva-dependent biofilm formation of three S. mutans strains (NG8, and sortase-defective and sortase-complemented NG8 mutants) after 24 h. The mean absorbance (OD at 490 nm) and standard deviation of S. mutans biofilm in different nicotine concentrations are shown. ‘*', ‘#' and ‘&' indicate significant differences of three strains, wild-type NG8, sortase-defective and sortase-complemented (P≤0.05) compared with the 0 nicotine control.
