Table 3A.
Descriptive Comparisons of Covariates by 6-Month Outcome
| GOS | DRS | FIM-Cog | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dead (GOS=1) | Veg–severe (GOS=2/3) | Mod–good (GOS=4/5) | p value | Minimal (DRS=0–3) | Mod–severe (DRS=4–14) | Veg–dead (DRS=15–3) | p value | Independent | Dependent | p value | |
| GCS, median | 6 | 6 | 7 | 0.062 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 0.043 | 7 | 6 | 0.231 |
| BMI, mean±SE | 26.66±0.98 | 25.77±0.75 | 27.20±0.80 | 0.314 | 26.13±0.90 | 26.95±0.86 | 26.52±0.76 | 0.627 | 27.16±0.98 | 25.85±0.61 | 0.988 |
| Age, mean±SE | 46.09±2.94 | 34.27±2.01 | 29.72±1.77 | 0.000 | 27.93±1.84 | 35.95±2.28 | 41.26±2.38 | 0.001 | 30.07±1.72 | 32.56±2.68 | 0.637 |
| ISS, mean±SE | 34.38±1.80 | 35.00±1.32 | 32.54±1.41 | 0.538 | 32.45±1.52 | 33.49±1.55 | 35.74±1.38 | 0.308 | 32.24±1.39 | 35.04±1.80 | 0.230 |
| LOS, mean±SE | 13.94±1.84 | 26.21±1.51 | 20.46±1.21 | 0.000 | 20.38±1.34 | 24.67±1.71 | 19.32±1.74 | 0.111 | 19.73±1.10 | 29.11±2.11 | 0.000 |
| Mechanism of injury (#, %) | |||||||||||
| Motor vehicle | 8 (25.0) | 25 (48.1) | 27 (58.7) | 0.014 | 24 (60.0) | 17 (43.6) | 18 (36.0) | 0.097 | 24 (53.3) | 12 (44.4) | 0.578 |
| Motorcycle | 6 (18.8) | 13 (25.0) | 8 (17.4) | 6 (15.0) | 12 (30.8) | 9 (18.0) | 9 (20.0) | 9 (33.3) | |||
| Fall | 12 (37.5) | 5 (9.6) | 4 (8.7) | 3 (7.5) | 5 (12.8) | 13 (26.0) | 4 (8.9) | 3 (11.1) | |||
| Other | 6 (18.8) | 9 (17.3) | 7 (15.2) | 7 (17.5) | 5 (12.8) | 10 (20.0) | 8 (17.8) | 3 (11.1) | |||
| Radiological injury type (#, %) | |||||||||||
| SDH | 23 (71.9) | 36 (69.2) | 22 (47.8) | 0.046 | 21 (52.5) | 24 (61.5) | 36 (72.0) | 0.167 | 26 (57.8) | 17 (63.0) | 0.805 |
| DAI | 6 (18.8) | 15 (28.8) | 20 (43.5) | 0.061 | 20 (50.0) | 8 (20.5) | 12 (24.0) | 0.009 | 17 (37.8) | 7 (25.9) | 0.439 |
| EDH | 5 (15.6) | 4 (7.7) | 11 (23.9) | 0.084 | 10 (25.0) | 4 (10.3) | 6 (12.0) | 0.163 | 7 (15.6) | 4 (14.8) | 1.000 |
| SAH | 28 (87.5) | 38 (73.1) | 30 (65.2) | 0.079 | 26 (65.0) | 27 (69.2) | 42 (84.0) | 0.088 | 31 (68.9) | 22 (81.5) | 0.281 |
| Contusion | 21 (65.6) | 22 (42.3) | 18 (39.1) | 0.049 | 16 (40.0) | 16 (41.0) | 28 (56.0) | 0.237 | 20 (44.4) | 11 (40.7) | 0.810 |
| IVH | 8 (25.0) | 15 (28.8) | 14 (30.4) | 0.883 | 12 (30.0) | 10 (25.6) | 15 (30.0) | 0.911 | 10 (22.2) | 8 (29.6) | 0.577 |
| ICH | 10 (31.2) | 20 (38.5) | 15 (32.6) | 0.818 | 10 (25.0) | 19 (48.7) | 16 (32.0) | 0.080 | 13 (28.9) | 12 (44.4) | 0.208 |
| COBRIT study (#, %) | |||||||||||
| Citicoline | 1 (33.3) | 1 (20.0) | 3 (60.0) | 0.767 | 2 (50.0) | 2 (40.0) | 1 (25.0) | 1.000 | 2 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 0.524 |
| Placebo | 2 (66.7) | 4 (80.0) | 2 (40.0) | 2 (50.0) | 3 (60.0) | 3 (75.0) | 4 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | |||
| Hypothermia study (#, %) | |||||||||||
| Hypothermia | 0 (0) | 3 (50.0) | 9 (90.0) | 0.060 | 7 (87.5) | 4 (66.7) | 0 (0) | 0.093 | 9 (90.0) | 1 (100) | 1.000 |
| Control | 1 (100) | 3 (50.0) | 1 (10.0) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (33.3) | 2 (100) | 1 (10.0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Hormone levels (mean±SE) | |||||||||||
| CSF cortisol | 29.53±2.97 | 23.50±1.77 | 18.13±1.62 | 0.002 | 18.28±1.71 | 22.49±2.04 | 27.66±2.22 | 0.003 | 19.62±1.80 | 26.56±2.56 | 0.009 |
| Serum cortisol | 225.00±20.20 | 198.93±9.19 | 193.65±9.48 | 0.791 | 178.69±8.45 | 213.55±11.72 | 216.11±14.64 | 0.115 | 200.16±10.16 | 218.79±13.65 | 0.190 |
| CSF progesterone | 87.72±16.21 | 57.62±5.90 | 40.83±5.13 | 0.004 | 42.23±5.58 | 55.10±6.92 | 76.60±11.07 | 0.022 | 40.40±4.30 | 76.15±9.95 | 0.002 |
| Serum progesterone | 2.19±0.58 | 1.33±0.16 | 1.38±0.28 | 0.204 | 1.25±0.29 | 1.39±0.19 | 1.96±0.42 | 0.136 | 1.34±0.27 | 1.58±0.28 | 0.195 |
*
p values based on Fisher exact test, Mann Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis as appropriate.
GOS, Glasgow Outcome Scale; DRS, Disability Rating Scale; FIM-Cog, functional independence measure-cognitive; veg, vegetative; mod, moderate; GCS, Glasgow Coma Score; BMI, body mass index; SE, standard error; ISS, injury severity score; LOS, length of stay; SDH, subdural hematoma; DAI, diffuse axonal injury; EDH, epidural hematoma; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; COBRIT, citicoline brain injury treatment; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.