TABLE 3.
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for glioma and occupational exposure to insecticides and herbicides, Phoenix, Arizona, Boston, Massachusetts, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1994–1998
| Occupational exposure (mg) | Men |
Women |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of controls (n = 350) |
No. of cases (n = 261) |
Odds ratio |
95% confidence interval |
No. of controls (n = 415) |
No. of cases (n = 201) |
Odds ratio |
95% confidence interval |
||
| Ever exposed | |||||||||
| Insecticides* | 176 | 125 | 1.0 | 0.7, 1.5 | Insecticides† | 225 | 102 | 0.9 | 0.6, 1.4 |
| Herbicides* | 103 | 65 | 0.9 | 0.6, 1.3 | Herbicides† | 71 | 35 | 1.3 | 0.8, 2.0 |
| Total years exposed | |||||||||
| Insecticides (quartiles) | |||||||||
| Unexposed* | 174 | 136 | 1.0 | Unexposed† | 190 | 99 | 1.0 | ||
| >0–1.2 | 41 | 33 | 1.1 | 0.7, 1.9 | >0–1 | 61 | 34 | 1.1 | 0.6, 1.9 |
| >1.2–3 | 49 | 36 | 1.1 | 0.7, 1.9 | >1–3 | 52 | 19 | 0.8 | 0.4, 1.5 |
| >3–9 | 43 | 23 | 0.8 | 0.5, 1.5 | >3–9.0 | 54 | 24 | 0.9 | 0.5, 1.7 |
| >9 | 43 | 33 | 1.1 | 0.7, 1.9 | >9.0 | 58 | 25 | 0.9 | 0.5, 1.7 |
| p = 0.87 | p = 0.83 | ||||||||
| Herbicides (quartiles)‡ | |||||||||
| Unexposed* | 247 | 196 | 1.0 | Unexposed‡ | 344 | 166 | 1.0 | ||
| >0–1 | 37 | 25 | 1.0 | 0.5, 1.7 | >0–2 | 43 | 22 | 1.2 | 0.7, 2.2 |
| >1–2 | 19 | 12 | 1.0 | 0.4, 2.1 | >2 | 28 | 13 | 1.3 | 0.6, 2.7 |
| >2–5 | 21 | 18 | 1.2 | 0.6, 2.4 | |||||
| >5 | 26 | 10 | 0.5 | 0.2, 1.0 | |||||
| p = 0.08 | p = 0.45 | ||||||||
| Cumulative lifetime exposure | |||||||||
| Insecticides (quartiles) | |||||||||
| Unexposed* | 174 | 136 | 1.0 | Unexposed† | 190 | 99 | 1.0 | ||
| >0–5 | 44 | 35 | 1.2 | 0.7,2.0 | >0–2.5 | 61 | 31 | 1.0 | 0.6, 1.8 |
| >5–27 | 42 | 35 | 1.4 | 0.8.2.3 | >2.5–19.8 | 49 | 29 | 1.2 | 0.7, 2.2 |
| >27–90 | 45 | 21 | 0.6 | 0.3, 1.1 | >19.8–75 | 61 | 23 | 0.7 | 0.4, 1.3 |
| >90 | 45 | 34 | 1.1 | 0.6, 1.8 | >75 | 54 | 19 | 0.8 | 0.5, 1.6 |
| p = 0.97 | p = 0.48 | ||||||||
| Insecticides (quartiles), lag 10 years | |||||||||
| Unexposed* | 199 | 153 | 1.0 | Unexposed† | 220 | 115 | 1.0 | ||
| >0–5 | 41 | 33 | 1.1 | 0.7, 1.9 | >0–2.5 | 54 | 25 | 0.9 | 0.5, 1.6 |
| >5–22.5 | 36 | 27 | 1.2 | 0.7, 2.1 | >2.5–15 | 49 | 19 | 0.8 | 0.4, 1.5 |
| >22.5–68.8 | 36 | 19 | 0.7 | 0.4, 1.4 | >15–63.5 | 44 | 23 | 1.2 | 0.6, 2.1 |
| >68.8 | 38 | 29 | 1.0 | 0.6, 1.8 | >63.5 | 48 | 19 | 0.9 | 0.5, 1.7 |
| p = 0.92 | p = 0.90 | ||||||||
| Herbicides (quartiles)‡ | |||||||||
| Unexposed* | 247 | 196 | 1.0 | Unexposed† | 344 | 166 | 1.0 | ||
| >0–2.5 | 28 | 20 | 1.0 | 0.5, 1.9 | >0–7.5 | 39 | 23 | 1.6 | 0.8, 2.7 |
| >2.5–9.8 | 22 | 16 | 1.0 | 0.5, 2.1 | >7.5 | 32 | 12 | 1.0 | 0.5, 2.1 |
| >9.8–45 | 27 | 12 | 0.6 | 0.3, 1.3 | |||||
| >45 | 26 | 17 | 0.8 | 0.4, 1.6 | |||||
| p = 0.50 | p = 0.91 | ||||||||
| Herbicides (quartiles), lag 10 years‡ | |||||||||
| Unexposed* | 271 | 204 | 1.0 | Unexposed† | 357 | 172 | 1.0 | ||
| >0–2.5 | 22 | 19 | 1.2 | 0.6, 2.4 | >0–2.5 | 30 | 10 | 0.8 | 0.4, 1.8 |
| >2.5–8.1 | 18 | 11 | 0.8 | 0.4, 1.9 | >2.5 | 28 | 19 | 1.7 | 0.9, 3.3 |
| >8.1–40 | 19 | 12 | 1.0 | 0.5, 2.1 | |||||
| >40 | 20 | 15 | 0.9 | 0.5, 2.0 | |||||
| p = 0.85 | p = 0.28 | ||||||||
*
Adjusted for age (18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, ≥80 years), hospital location (Phoenix, Boston, Pittsburgh), and proxy interview (yes/no).
†
Adjusted for age, hospital location, proxy interview, distance lived from hospital (0–5, >5–15, >15–30, >30–50, >50 miles), and marital status (married/not married). One mile = 1.61 km.
‡
Exposure categories for women were cut at the median because of the smaller number of female glioma patients.