Table 2.
Changes in mitochondria‐related proteins.
| SF | HS | 2G | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Upregulation | |||
| ADP/ATP translocase 1 | * | – | – |
| ATP synthase subunit b, mitochondrial | * | – | – |
| Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 | – | * | * |
| D‐β‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial | – | – | * |
| Dihydrolipoyllysine‐residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial | * | – | – |
| NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 α subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial | – | * | – |
| NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 α subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial | – | * | – |
| NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron‐sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial | – | * | – |
| NADP‐dependent malic enzyme | – | * | – |
| Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron‐sulfur subunit, mitochondrial | * | – | – |
| Downregulation | |||
| Acetyl‐CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrial | * | – | – |
| Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial | – | * | * |
| Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial | – | * | * |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial | – | – | * |
| ATP synthase subunit α, mitochondrial | – | – | * |
| ATP synthase subunit β, mitochondrial | – | * | * |
| ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial | – | – | * |
| Citrate synthase, mitochondrial | * | – | * |
| Coproporphyrinogen‐III oxidase, mitochondrial | * | * | * |
| Creatine kinase S‐type, mitochondrial | * | – | * |
| Delta(3,5)‐delta(2,4)‐dienoyl‐CoA isomerase, mitochondrial | * | – | * |
| 2,4‐Dienoyl‐CoA reductase, mitochondrial | – | * | * |
| Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial | – | – | * |
| Dihydrolipoyllysine‐residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial | – | – | * |
| Enoyl‐CoA delta isomerase 1, mitochondrial | * | * | * |
| Enoyl‐CoA hydratase, mitochondrial | * | – | – |
| 10 kDa Heat‐shock protein, mitochondrial | * | – | – |
| Hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial | * | * | * |
| Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial | * | * | * |
| Isoform 1 of dihydrolipoyllysine‐residue succinyltransferase component of 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial | – | – | * |
| Isoform 1 of 60 kDa heat‐shock protein, mitochondrial | – | * | * |
| Isoform mitochondrial of fumarate hydratase, mitochondrial | * | * | * |
| Isoform 1 of 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial | – | * | * |
| Long‐chain‐specific acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor | * | – | * |
| Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial | * | * | * |
| Methylmalonate‐semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating], mitochondrial | – | – | * |
| Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit α, somatic form, mitochondrial | – | – | * |
| Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit β, mitochondrial | – | – | * |
| Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase regulatory subunit, mitochondrial | – | * | * |
| 28S Ribosomal protein S31, mitochondrial | – | * | – |
| Short‐chain specific acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial | * | * | ‐ |
| Stress‐70 protein, mitochondrial | * | * | * |
| Succinyl‐CoA ligase [ADP‐forming] subunit β, mitochondrial | – | – | * |
| Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial | – | * | * |
| Trifunctional enzyme subunit α, mitochondrial | – | * | * |
| Trifunctional enzyme subunit β, mitochondrial | – | * | – |
Significant responses of protein expressions to spaceflight (SF), hindlimb suspension (HS), or 2G exposure (2G) are indicated by *P < 0.05; −P > 0.05.