. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 27.

Published in final edited form as: Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2012 Jul 6;5(4):728–738. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.111.966259

Table 4.

Multivariate-adjusted longitudinal differences in heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV), 5 years after dietary assessment, per each one standard deviation higher intake of trans-18:2 and trans-18:1 fatty acids among older adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study.

	Trans-18:2 intake		Trans-18:1 intake
	Multivariate-adjusted difference (95%CI) in each HRV index for each 1 SD (0.06 g/d) higher consumption of trans-18:2 fatty acids*	p	Multivariate-adjusted difference (95%CI) in each HRV index for each 1 SD (0.68 g/d) higher consumption of trans-18:1 fatty acids*	p
Resting Heart Rate, bpm (N=529) †	+3.88 (−0.10, 7.86)	0.06	−4.11 (−8.18, −0.44)	0.05


Time-domain HRV (N=578)
SDNN, ms	−15% (−25, −4)	0.009	+19% (5, 34)	0.007
SDANN, ms	−15% (−25, −3)	0.02	+19% (5, 36)	0.009
SDNNindex, ms	−14% (−25, −1)	0.03	+15% (1, 32)	0.04
rMSSD, ms^‡	−10% (−36, 11)	0.34	+12% (−9, 38)	0.26
Frequency-domain HRV (544)
TP, ms²	−30% (−46, −10)	0.005	+44% (11, 86)	0.006
ULF, ms²	−30% (−47, −9)	0.008	+45% (11, 90)	0.007
VLF, ms²	−23 (−41, 2)	0.07	+24% (−7, 64)	0.14
LF/HF, ratio	10% (−12, 38)	0.38	−7% (−26, 17)	0.56
LFnu, %†^‡	0.69 (−2.66, 4.04)	0.68	−0.04 (−3.46, 3.38)	0.98
HFnu, %†^‡	−1.37 (−4.22, 1.48)	0.34	+1.14 (−1.77, 4.04)	0.77
Non-linear HRV (N=544)
DFA1†	+0.01 (−0.07, 0.09)	0.79	−0.005 (−0.09, 0.08)	0.90
SD12	−3% (−17, 7)	0.57	+3% (−8, 18)	0.60

See Legend Table 3.

^‡

rMSSD, nuLF, and nuHF were evaluated among individuals with lower erratic HRV (DFA> median; n=345). R-squared values are the following: 0.15 (resting HR); 0.12 (SDNN); 0.11 (SDANN); 0.12 (SDNNindex); 0.16(rMSSD); 0.13 (TP); 0.12 (ULF); 0.17 (VLF); 0.16 (LF/HF ratio); 0.15(LFnu); 0.18 (HFnu); 0.17 (DFA1); 0.13 (SD12).