Table 2. Cytokine secretion of Caco-2/HT29-MTX monolayers co-cultured with PBMC during 24 h infection with S. Typhimurium N-15 in DMEM or fermentation effluent under different Fe conditions.

	Fe condition
	Normal Fe	Low Fe	High Fe
DMEM
IL-1β [pg/mL]	198.82±53.44	245.17±40.82	6.51±2.09*
IL-6 [pg/mL]	8.01±2.26	9.53±1.66	0.56±0.25*
IL-8 [pg/mL]	327.14±80.66	968.42±103.54*	94.28±21.31*
TNF-α [pg/mL]	24.23±6.91	36.89±4.61	2.41±2.03*
Effluent
IL-1β [pg/mL]	5.04±1.24	10.07±4.08	6.89±4.22
IL-6 [pg/mL]	2.70±0.52	2.22±0.27	9.72±5.59
IL-8 [pg/mL]	228.77±22.74	383.15±152.96	170.36±61.73
TNF-α [pg/mL]	30.55±6.93	11.65±2.74*	6.47±0*

Values are means ± SEM (n = 3). Values with an asterisk (*) are significantly different from normal Fe conditions within the same cytokine, Mann-Whitney test (P<0.05).