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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Mar 26.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2014 Jan 8;114(6):3224–3265. doi: 10.1021/cr400496q

Figure 8. Various types of illumination geometries.

Figure 8

(A) Wide-field, (B) TIRF, (C) HILO/VAEM with a field diaphragm to reduce illumination light diameter, (D) SPI with LSFM (left) and RLSM (right) with a magnified view of the illumination plane. Although the geometry is similar for the two approaches, the dimensions of the illumination plane are very different. (E) Standard narrow-field illumination, with a blow-up of the illumination spot. Pinholes for the excitation (Ex.) light and emitted (Em.) light are used to reduce excitation volume and decrease background from out-of-focus fluorescence, respectively.