TABLE 1.
Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channel Types and Their Pore-Forming Subunits1
| Type | α1 Subunit (Old Nomenclature, Gene) | Predominant Tissue Expression | Pharmacology | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cav1 | L | Cav1.1 (α1S; CACNA1S) | Skeletal muscle | Dihydropyridines (isradipine and nifedipine), phenylalkylamines (verapamil), and benzothiazepines (diltiazem) |
| Cav1.2 (α1C; CACNA1C) | Heart/smooth muscle, neurons (somatodendritic), and endocrine cells | |||
| Cav1.3 (α1D, CACNA1D) | Heart, neurons (somatodendritic), endocrine cells, and sensory cells | |||
| Cav1.4 (α1F, CACNA1F) | Retina and immune cells | |||
| Cav2 | P/Q | Cav2.1 (α1A, CACNA1A) | Neurons and endocrine cells | ω-Agatoxin IVA and ω-conotoxin MVIIC |
| N | Cav2.2 (α1B, CACNA1B) | Neurons and endocrine cells | ω-Conotoxin GVIA | |
| R | Cav2.3 (α1E, CACNA1E), Cav? | Cardiac/smooth muscle, endocrine cells, and neurons | SNX-482 | |
| Cav3 | T | Cav3.1 (α1G, CACNA1G) | Neurons and cardiac muscle | TTA-A2 and Z944 |
| Cav3.2 (α1H, CACNA1H) | Cardiac/vascular smooth muscle, kidney, and liver | |||
| Cav3.3 (α1I, CACNA1I) | Neurons | |||