TABLE 3.
Protein Interactions of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 in the Brain
| Protein | Interaction Partner1 | Tissue | Function | Notes/References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKAP-MAP2B | Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 | Distal dendrites | Targets PKA, which is required for efficient phosphorylation and physiological regulation | 23 |
| AKAP-15 | Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 | Cell soma and proximal dendrites | Enhances channel activity by recruiting PKA | 23 |
| AKAP-79/150 | Cav1.2 | Postsynaptic densities of dendritic spines | Binds PKA and CaN, which both control channel activity | CaN enhances-calcium dependent gene regulation through NFAT and reduces peak calcium current owing to its binding to AKAP23,24 |
| CaBPs | Cav1.2 | Somatodendritic domains | Inhibit CDI and cause CDF | Interaction of CaBPs has also been shown for Cav1.3 in recombinant systems and cochlear inner hair cells25,26 |
| Densin | Cav1.3 | Dendritic spines | Recruits CaMKII, which enhances activity by inducing CDF | 27 |
| Erbin | Cav1.3 | Cell soma and proximal dendrites | Increases activity by enhancing VDF | Effect dependent on auxiliary β-subunit isoform28 |
| NIL-16 | Cav1.2 | Cerebellum and hippocampus | Scaffolding protein, links the channel to cytoskeletal and signaling proteins | May be involved in pCREB signaling29 |
| Rem2 | Auxiliary β subunit | Neuronal cells | Inhibits channel activity | 30 |
| RIM | Cav1.2 and auxiliary β-subunit | Presynaptic active zone | Involved in targeting and docking of secretory vesicles near calcium channels and slows down current inactivation | Owing to interaction with auxiliary β subunit, it might interact with Cav1.2 as well as with Cav1.3 complexes31,32 |
| Shank | Cav1.3 | Postsynaptic areas of hippocampal neurons | Mediates synaptic clustering of Cav1.3, and interaction plays an important role in pCREB signaling | 33 |
| STIM1 | Cav1.2 | Endoplasmatic reticulum | Inhibits Cav1.2 activity by physical interaction with the channel and by causing its internalization | 34,35 |
AKAP, A-kinase-anchoring protein; CaBPs, calcium-binding proteins; CaMKII, CaM-dependent kinase II; CaN, Ca2+/calmodulin-activated-phosphatase calcineurin; CDF, calcium-dependent facilitation; CDI, calcium-dependent inactivation; CIPP, channel-interacting PDZ domain protein; NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T-cells; NIL-16, neuronal interleukin-16; VGCCs, voltage-gated calcium channels; pCREB, phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein; PKA, protein kinase A; RIM, rab3-interacting molecule; STIM1, stromal interaction molecule 1.
1
α1 Subunit if not further specified.