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. 2014 Feb 13;63(3):1048–1057. doi: 10.2337/db13-0749

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Induction of mIndy mRNA by glucagon. Primary rat hepatocytes were isolated and cultured as described in research design and methods. After 16 h of culture, medium was changed, and 10 nmol/L insulin or 10 nmol/L (or the concentration indicated) glucagon were added, as indicated. After 2 h (A–C), 4 h (E), or the time indicated (D), hepatocytes were harvested. The mRNA content of the mIndy (A, D, and E), PCK mRNA as prototypic glucagon-induced gene (B), and glucokinase (GK) mRNA as a prototypic insulin-induced gene (C) was determined by RT-qPCR as described in research design and methods with β-actin as the reference gene. All values were normalized to the mean expression of the respective gene in control cells of the same experiment. Data shown are means ± SEM of the number of determinations indicated obtained in the number of independent experiments and cell preparations given in parentheses: A–C: control n = 51 (12), glucagon n = 42 (12), insulin n = 36 (12); D: 0 h: n = 47 (12) and 2 h: n = 50 (12), all other time points n ≥ 17 (6); E: n = 50 (12) except 5 nmol/L, n = 15 (5). Statistics: one-way ANOVA with post hoc test or Student t test for unpaired samples, as appropriate. a: significantly higher than control, P < 0.05; b: significantly lower than control, P < 0.05.